=TO ROAST IN THE OVEN.= Cut the larger specimens into fine pieces, and place them in a small dish, with salt, pepper and butter to taste; put in about two tablespoonfuls of water, then fill the dish with the half-open specimens and the buttons; cover tightly and place in the oven, which must not be overheated, for about twenty minutes. The juice of the larger mushrooms will keep them moist, and, if fresh, yield further a most abundant gravy. N. B. In gathering the pasture variety, cut them just below the cap (_don't pull them_); they can then be cooked without washing or peeling. The cultivated mushrooms are often so dirty as to require both washing and peeling.] [Illustration: PLATE II. COPRINUS COMATUS, OR SHAGGY-MANED MUSHROOM. =DESCRIPTION.= PILEUS. At first oval and hard; margin then separating from the stem; then equally cylindrical, margin turning black; finally expanded, and decaying by dissolution into inky fluid. Color of pileus variable from brown to pure white, always woolly, shaggy, the cuticle coming off in layers like the scales of a fish. GILLS. At first white, crowded; possibly pink, then dark purple, or black, and moist. STEM. Thick at base, equal above ground, hollow, appearing like macaroni cooked. VOLVA. None, but ring present, and movable in the full-grown specimen. SPORES. Black. SMELL strong, especially at centre of pileus. TASTE. Pleasant raw, but should not be eaten after it is moist and black. GROWS in rich lawns, roadsides, or newly filled city grounds, in groups or solitary. =TO COOK.= For about twenty mushrooms, put into a saucepan one gill of milk or cream, add salt and pepper to the taste, with a piece of butter the size of the larger specimens above; when it boils, put in the stems and small hard mushrooms; after ten minutes' boiling add the larger specimens; keep the dish covered and boiling for ten minutes longer, then pour the stew over dry toast, and serve. =TO SERVE WITH MEAT.= Chop the mushrooms fine, let them simmer ten minutes in one half gill of water, with butter, salt and pepper as for oyster sauce; thicken with flour or ground rice; pour over the meat and cover quickly. N. B. But very little fluid is needed in cooking this mushroom, as it yields a rich juice of its own. It should always be cleaned before cooking, by scraping it smooth and until it is perfectly white.] [Illustration: PLATE III. MARASMIUS OREADES, OR FAIRY-RING CHAMPIGNON. =DESCRIPTION.= PILEUS. Leathery, tough, and of an equal cream color, pliable when moist; shrivelling, wrinkled, even brittle when dry, changing from the former to the latter with a dew or rain followed by a hot sun, and also _vice versa_. Cuticle not separable. GILLS. Broad, wide apart, of the same color as pileus, or a little paler. STEM. Solid, of equal circumference; tough, not breaking easily if bent or twisted. VOLVA and ring, none. SPORES white. TASTE and SMELL musky, rather strong, but nutty and agreeable.