Densmore points out that among the Iriquois[22] the word _orenda_ is used to designate the universal indwelling spirit. Nothing was regarded by the Indian as supernatural, in our use of the term, but many Indians desired an _orenda_ stronger than their own. When a medicine man began to treat a sick person the result depended upon the power of his _orenda_. _Orenda_ could be put forth in song. Those who possessed _orenda_ strong enough to do wonderful things were called medicine men. They were consecrated to their work, and the safety, success and health of their people depended on their efforts. In completing her analysis of Indian medicine songs, Densmore concludes that they suggest “the confidence which the medicine man felt in his own power, and which he wished to impress on the mind of his patients.” Wallaschek[79] lists many examples of the healing use of music among primitive tribes. Among the Wasambara in East Africa, the doctor arrives with a small bell in his hand which he rings from time to time. The patient sits before him on the ground and the doctor begins speaking in a singing tone: “Dabre, dabre.” He repeats this several times and the patient sings a simple response. In Australia, Wallaschek found a tribal doctor shaking a bundle of reeds, an action otherwise used during a song to mark time. In Borneo, the natives perform recitatives and songs in order to catch the soul of the patient which is supposed to have run away before the evil spirit. The Wallawalla Indians in this country believe that song influences the cure of a patient, and all the convalescents are directed to sing for several hours daily. In British Columbia the doctor sings when he visits the patient, while a chorus of people intones a song outside the house. With the dawn of civilization, intellectual activity became more progressive but folkways die hard. “The ancient Egyptians called music ‘physic for the soul,’ and had faith in its remedial virtues. We may presume that the incantations presented in the medical papyri were likewise to be emitted with the proper voice and therefore contain an element of music. The Persians regarded music as an expression of the good principle Ahura-Mazda and are said to have cured various maladies by the sound of the lute”[24]. “The Lacedemonians agreed with the Egyptians and confined the possessors of music to one family, and their priests like those of Egypt were taught medicine and music, and initiated into religious mysteries”[28].