It will be observed that certain questions pre-suppose a somewhat advanced state of civilization--as, for instance, those referring to musical notation, instruction, literature, etc. There are several extra-European nations--as the Japanese, Chinese, Hindus, etc.--which have advanced so far in the cultivation of music as to render these questions necessary; and it would be very desirable to possess more detailed information concerning the method pursued by these nations in the cultivation of the art than is at present available. The present scheme is quite as interesting to the musician, or even more so, than it is to the ethnologist. Professional musicians in general are, however, not likely to become acquainted with the instructions for musical researches published together with various other scientific inquiries by the British Association. It is for this reason that they are here inserted, since the present work has a better chance of coming into the hands of professional musicians than the anthropological publication. Howbeit, years must elapse before it leads to a practical result. The originator of the questions may never enjoy the advantage of receiving the answers; but he has, at least, the pleasure of preparing the way for an accumulation of well-ascertained facts which intelligent musicians of a future generation will know how to turn to good account. "(_Section LXVIII._) _Music._ "The music of every nation has certain characteristics of its own. The progressions of intervals, the modulations, embellishments, rhythmical effects, etc., occurring in the music of extra-European nations, are not unfrequently too peculiar to be accurately indicated by means of our musical notation. Some additional explanation is, therefore, required with the notation. In writing down the popular tunes of foreign countries, on hearing them sung or played by the natives, no attempt should be made to rectify anything which may appear incorrect to the European ear. The more faithfully the apparent defects are preserved the more valuable is the notation. Collections of popular tunes (with the words of the airs) are very desirable. Likewise, drawings of musical instruments with explanations respecting the construction, dimensions, capabilities, and employment of the instruments represented. "_Vocal Music:_-- "1. Are the people fond of music? "2. Is their ear acute for discerning small musical intervals? "3. Can they easily hit a tone which is sung or played to them? "4. Is their voice flexible? "5. What is the quality of the voice? is it loud or soft, clear or rough, steady or tremulous? "6. What is the usual compass of the voice? "7. Which is the prevailing male voice--tenor, baritone or bass? "8. Which is the prevailing female voice--soprano or alto? "9. Do the people generally sing without instrumental accompaniment? "10. Have they songs performed in chorus by men only, or by women only, or by both sexes together?