(iii) As will be seen in Fig. 46, names may also be allotted to patches of dead ground within 1,000 yards or so of the firing-point. The abbreviated names of months and days of the week lend themselves to such a purpose, though any other short names will do equally well. [Illustration: =Fig. 46.=--EXAMPLE OF A FOREGROUND RANGE SKETCH. _Note._--Ranged points are indicated by a thick line. The appearance of the Range-Marks is shown thus:--VIII. [= 850 yds.] Names have been allotted to important dead spots within 1,000 yards--_e.g._, FEB. refers to the dead area immediately behind the ridge ranged as 850.] =5. Range-Marks.=--Range-marks are of special value to the defenders in those firing-points in which they have been told off _to watch for and deal with the enemy’s supports and reserves_ during their advance, after fire has been opened and the enemy’s firing-line is already pinned down, or is unable to cross certain areas on a foreground prepared for defence until strongly reinforced (see p. 162, para. 3 (x), _Field Entrenchments_ of this series). =6. Marking Ranges on Ground.=--(i) The actual marking of ranges on the ground by means of visible marks may be done as follows: Range-marks should be provided, and should be placed on that side of large trees, houses, banks, etc., which is only visible to the defence. The simplest arrangement consists of one white object per 100 yards range; 500 yards may be denoted by the sign =V=, made with two boards, poles, etc.; and 1,000 yards by the sign =X=; intermediate hundreds being indicated by single objects in addition, as above described. On a bank or slope facing the firing-points Roman numerals may be cut out on the turf, etc., or formed by arranging stones or planks. (ii) =Marking on Trees.=--For marking on a tree the hundreds marks must be one below the other, and patches of tin do very well for this. For marking “fifties” an object much smaller but distinctly visible may be added, or one object quite different to the remainder. On a tree marked with tin discs, for example, half a disc would do for 50 yards. (iii) =Marking on Buildings.=--For marking on a building, the colour to be used depends on that of the masonry, etc. A whitewash-brush is one of the best implements, if obtainable, and the marking, can be either large Roman numerals or ordinary figures if they can be read clearly. (iv) =Examples of Marks.=--In Fig. 46 five artificial range-marks are shown--namely, 0000·(450) at the stack, V on May hill, VII on March-April ridge, VII·(850) on Dec.-Feb. ridge, and X where Monday road disappears into Hereham village. The walls round the village might be marked in a similar manner, but the sketch is too small to show the marks. (v) =Size of Marks.=--A practical rule for the _size_ of mark is 1 foot of height to the mark per 100 yards in the range, unless the background is very good--such as black spots on a white wall--when half this allowance will be ample.