My experiments with volcanoesJaggar, Thomas Augustus
Science
My experiments with volcanoes
Jaggar, Thomas Augustus
Geologists -- Biography; Volcanoes
The accusation that I am not orthodox in professional geology is false.
Professional geology is largely continental because its field work has
been on continents. My work has been oceanic; my field, seventy percent
of the earth’s surface, extending over a thick crust down to the earth
core. The earth core is fluid and massive and hot, as all geology
agrees. Isostasy, which postulates a thin flexible shell, is violated
by the ocean deeps and the volcanic ridges. Volcanic rift echelons like
the Cordillera and the Hawaiian ridge are too long to be generated as
the fracture of a crust fifty miles deep. The circularity and graduated
size in linear stretches of the Pacific arcs are functions of a
fractured thick-shell sphere. Similar gradation of arcs is on the lunar
surface. Arguments, based on the knowledge of meteors, for an iron core
and for large lunar craters are without analogy. Substratum theories,
from Stübel to Daly, do not agree with oceanic volcanism. Gravitational
crust balance applies better to a primitive thick fault block crust
than to a thin shell. Earth lavas, as natural experimental models,
imitate lunar features on small and large scales. Both make consistent
history for two similar globes. Volcanology has to stand as global and
ancient, and any geologist may accept the reasonings here enumerated
without being unorthodox.
The unquestioned certainties of modern seismology, the transmission of
elastic waves through the globe to sensitive recording pendulums,
are that the crust is 1,800 miles thick, that the core is a heavy ball
of white hot fluid, and that its temperature at crustal contact has
been estimated by Verhoogen at 2200° Centigrade. The deep crust is less
dense than the core, and is commonly conceded to be basic heavy rock
not unlike stony meteorites. The outside shell under oceans, and over
three-quarters of the earth, is covered by basaltic lava, and wherever
igneous rock has been formed by volcanic action, intrusive or extrusive
black basic lava recurs as dikes and outflows.
[Illustration:
ARMOR PLATE AT OCEANS
ARMOR PLATE AT CONTINENTS
EXTERIOR OF FUNDAMENTAL GLOBE TO WHICH ADJUSTMENT
TENDS
CORE LIMIT TO WHICH ADJUSTMENT TENDS
VOLC. OCEAN CHAINS OF OCEAN VOLCANOES
VOLC. CONT. CHAINS OF CONTINENTAL BORDER VOLCANOES
ON THE PAGE OPPOSITE _is a diagram of a hypothetical
globe section near the equator, showing oceans and continents
in true surface ratio; fault block segments of rigid crust
isostatically supported on a liquid core; sixteen volcanic
partitions, oceanic and continental; and Stübel’s “armorplate”
from pristine volcanic eruption. Possibly the profile is
tetrahedral. My argument for this globe section is based on the
following_:
A globe of core, siliceous shell, and armorplate was formed by
primitive volcanic eruptions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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