Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
2. The most remarkable, perhaps, in themselves, of all the objects
discovered at Hissarlik, were the two elaborate head-dresses of gold,
which for the first time enabled us to construe, with reasonable
confidence, the entire passage in the Iliad (XXII. 468-72), which
describes the head-dress cast away by Andromachè in the agony of her
grief. The print will not have been forgotten, which exhibits the _plektè
anadesmè_.[9] It was a series of gold plaits, hanging down, over the
forehead and the ears, from the broad band (_ampūx_) which ran round the
head, and which constituted as it were the base of the ornament. With
these objects, and with the Poems, Schliemann associates, incontestably
as it would appear, the ornament No. 357 (p. 248); a band or frontlet
adorned "with rosettes and crosses. It has two perforations in the rim,
a little way from either end, from one of which is still hanging the
fragment of a very fine chain." The only variation in the fashion of
the thing seems to be, that the plaits have not been continued over the
forehead.
3. Hissarlik did nothing for us towards explaining the _kredemnon_; an
article of head-dress worn by many or some women of the heroic age,
who could not add to it the splendid decorations then reserved for
princesses. But the definitions of this commodity are supplied for us by
the Poems, piecemeal indeed, yet with adequate clearness. In the first
place, it crowned the head like the battlements of a walled city; for the
destruction of the walls of Troy is described as the ruin of its sacred
_kredemna_ (_Il._ XVI. 100).
It was not, however, a metallic or solid object; for the deified Ino,
to save Odysseus from the fury of the storm, throws to him her own
_kredemnon_ and bids him bind it round his chest (_Od._ V. 346). It used
to be made of delicate and glossy material (_Od._ I. 334), and was worthy
even to be a marriage gift from Aphroditè to the bride of Hector (_Il._
XXII. 470). But finally, it had a long wing, tail, or lappet (I am not
skilled or confident in this vocabulary), descending from behind, perhaps
more than one. This is shown indirectly, but I think conclusively, by the
information given us in _Od._ VI. 100, that the handmaidens of Nausicaä,
when about to play at ball, first put away their kredemna, evidently
lest the free movement of their arms should be embarrassed by the long
lappets. Again, it is evident that Penelopè, when she used her _kredemna_
to cover her face, brought the lappets round and employed them as a veil;
on any other ground the use of the plural can hardly be explained (_Od._
I. 334). And now this part of the prehistoric lady's toilette is as
complete as I can make it from the Poems.
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