Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
The later Homeric bards, who were followed by the tragic poets, seem
to have formed the myths of the horrid deeds of Atreus and Thyestes by
carrying back the outrages in the house of Agamemnon into the former
generation; and, by the help of other traditions, and particularly from
the history of the kings of Thebes, they devised a concatenation of
crimes and mischief, which had its first origin in the murder of Myrtilus
or in that of Chrysippus.[149]
[Sidenote: AGAMEMNON'S DOMINION.]
It appears from Homer[150] that Agamemnon had brought under his sceptre
nearly all the Peloponnesus. But according to another passage[151] it
would appear that he reigned only over its whole northern part. The
dynasty of the Pelopids appears to have ceased in Mycenæ with the death
of Ægisthus, for tradition says that Agamemnon's son Orestes reigned in
Arcadia and Sparta, but not that he succeeded his father. According to
Strabo,[152] he died in Arcadia. Pausanias[153] states that his tomb was
at first on the roadside between Sparta and Tegea; at a later time his
bones were buried in Sparta.[154] Neither of the two sons of Orestes,
Penthilus and Tisamenus, seems to have reigned at Mycenæ. Strabo[155]
says that they remained in the Æolian colonies in Asia Minor, which had
been founded by their father. According to Pausanias,[156] the invasion
of the Dorians had already occurred in the time of Orestes; according to
Thucydides,[157] it took place eighty years after the Trojan war.
Pausanias seems probably to be in the right, because only a fearful
political revolution and catastrophe can have prevented Orestes from
becoming king in Mycenæ, which was the richest and most powerful state
of Greece, and which belonged to him as only son to the glorious and
universally lamented Agamemnon.
Strabo[158] confirms the statement that the decline of Mycenæ; began
with the death of Agamemnon and particularly from the return of the
Heracleidæ. But, though the city had decayed in power and population and
had sunk to the rank of a small provincial town, yet it kept up a certain
independence; and, inspired by the reminiscences of its glorious past,
it equipped eighty men as its contingent at Thermopylæ,[159] and a year
later, in conjunction with Tiryns, it sent 400 men to Platææ.[160] The
name of Mycenæ was engraved, together with those of the other cities
which had participated in this glorious campaign, on the brazen column
representing three serpents sustaining a golden tripod, which the
Spartans dedicated to the Delphian Apollo as a tithe of the booty taken
from the Persians. This brazen column stands now on the old hippodrome
(the present Maidan) in Constantinople, whither it was probably brought
by Constantine the Great. The Argives, who had remained neutral, envied
the Myceneans the honour of having participated in these battles, and
they feared besides, considering the city's ancient glory, that Mycenæ
might usurp the dominion of the whole Argolid.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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