Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae: A Taxonomic StudyStallcup, William B.
Science
Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae: A Taxonomic Study
Stallcup, William B.
Birds; Finches
_+Musculus flexor digitorum longus+_ (Figs. 3, 5).--This strong,
pinnate muscle is deeply situated along the posterior surfaces of the
tibia and fibula. There are two distinct heads of origin. The lateral
head arises by means of fleshy fibers from the posterior edge of the
head of the fibula. The medial head arises by means of fleshy fibers
from the region under the ledgelike external and internal articular
surfaces of the proximal end of the tibia. Neither head has any
connection with the femur in contrast to the condition, described by
Hudson (1937: 46-47) in the crow, _Corvus brachyrhynchos_, and in the
raven, _Corvus corax_. Near the point of insertion of the _m. biceps
femoris_ the two heads fuse. The common belly is attached by fleshy
fibers to the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula for two-thirds
of the distance down the crus. Near the distal end of the crus the
muscle terminates in a strong tendon which passes deeply through the
tibial cartilage and traverses the anteromedial canal of the
hypotarsus (Fig. 6). About midway down the tarsometatarsus this tendon
becomes ossified. Immediately above the bases of the toes it gives
rise to three branches, one to the posterior surface of each of the
foretoes. These branches perforate the other flexor muscles of the
toes as described in the accounts of those muscles and insert as
follows: The branch to digit II inserts on the base of the ungual
phalanx and by a stout, tendinous slip on the distal end of the second
phalanx (Fig. 9). The branch to digit III inserts on the base of the
distal end of the third phalanx and a stronger slip to the distal end
of the second or proximal end of the third. The branch to digit IV
inserts on the base of the ungual phalanx, with one tendinous slip to
the distal end of the third phalanx and another to the distal end of
the fourth.
Action.--Flexes foretoes.
Comparison.--No significant differences noted among the species
studied.
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