Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical DevelopmentGoldziher, Ignác
Religion
Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development
Goldziher, Ignác
Jewish mythology; Judaism -- History -- To 70 A.D.
Levi (with Simeon, whose etymological value is no longer determinable),
is introduced in the Hebrew myth (Gen. XXXIV.) as the slayer of Chamôr
‘the Ass’ and Shekem (see above, p. 125). Of the same two brothers it is
said in the fragments of hymns already quoted, sometimes that ‘for their
amusement they destroyed the bull’ (XLIX. 6)—the horned solar animal
whose horns (rays) the storm-serpents eradicate (ʿiḳḳerû). It is at the
same time perfectly clear in this interpretation that no difficulty at
all resides in what is always troubling the expounders of these
passages—in the fact, namely, that these brothers are said in the hymn
(or Blessing) to have killed a bull (shôr), whilst no mention is made in
the narrative of any such act.
§ 15. In the Biblical story of the family of Jacob we have met with a
few of those myths of Love which the Aryan mythology developed in such
variety and richness. One of the best known myths of this kind is the
story of Oedipus and Jokaste. The king of Thebes received a sad oracle,
declaring that he would be exposed to serious danger from a son who
would be born to him by his wife Jokaste. He therefore exposed Oedipus,
his new-born son; and the latter, having been marvellously saved from
death and educated at Corinth, travelled to Thebes when grown to
manhood, but killed his father on the way. Arrived at Thebes, he
delivered the city from the terror of the Sphinx, and was proclaimed
king, after which he married his mother Jokaste. When he received
information of the two horrible crimes that he had unconsciously
committed, the murder of his father and the incest with his mother, in
despair he put out his own eyes and came to a tragic end. Everyone knows
this celebrated Hellenic story, which in the Oedipus-Tragedy was worked
out powerfully in its ethical bearings so as to excite the emotions and
touch the heart.
Oedipus kills his father, marries his mother, and dies, a blind and
worn-out old man. The hero of the Sun murders the father who begot
him—the Darkness; he shares his bed with his mother—the Evening-glow,
from whose womb (in the character of the Morning-glow) he had been born;
he dies _blind_—the Sun sets. We have seen above that the setting sun
loses the bright light of its eyes.[520]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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