Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical DevelopmentGoldziher, Ignác
Religion
Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development
Goldziher, Ignác
Jewish mythology; Judaism -- History -- To 70 A.D.
But we must refer to a comparatively late period the working-out of this
tendency to a compromise, in which the sacerdotal view had as much share
as the prophetical—a tendency which joined together in a higher unity,
as Teaching (tôrâ), the Statute (chuḳḳâ) and the Prophetic word of
Jahveh (dâbhâr). Consequently, the writing down of the traditions
conceived in this spirit must also be assigned to a much later age than
is usually done. However, we cannot speak here of any exact number of
years, but only indicate in general terms periods of various classes of
culture. Accurate dates can only be reached by more advanced historical
knowledge on the domain of Biblical Antiquity. Perhaps this will be
promoted by the constantly increasing certainty of the information to be
gathered from the historical texts of the Cuneiform Inscriptions with
reference to the History of Civilisation. But from the facts recognised
in recent times it may with confidence be inferred that the literary
activity of the Hebrews belongs in large part to the epoch of the
Captivity. It should also be mentioned in this connexion that Knobel
insists that the affairs of the interior of Asia were well known to his
Jehovist.[712] Such knowledge cannot be the result of the contact
established by the invasion. It demands closer and more friendly
relations, which would make it possible to learn such facts.
All this takes us into the epoch of the Captivity. That remarkable age
enriched the Hebrews’ sphere of thought with many things, to which we
will give our attention in the following chapter.
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Footnote 687:
With respect to the originality and the specifically Hebrew character
of the notion of Jahveh, I consider the most correct assertion yet
made to be what Ewald declared in reference to the alleged Phenician
Divine name Jah; for when we examine the passages and the data on
which Movers’ and Bunsen’s opposite view is based, their apocryphal
nature strikes us at the first glance. This is especially true (to
mention one case only) of the passage of Lydus, _De mens._ IV. 38. 14:
Οἱ Χαλδαῖοι τὸν θεὸν ΙΑΩ λέγουσιν ... τῇ Φοινίκων γλώσσῃ καὶ ΣΑΒΑΩΘ δὲ
πολλαχοῦ λέγεται κτλ (See Bunsen, _Egypt’s Place in Universal
History_, vol. IV. p. 193). As to the occurrence of the name Jahveh in
the Assyrian theology there is not yet sufficient certainty. Eberhard
Schrader, who refers to it, imagines the name to be borrowed from the
Hebrew (_Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament_, p. 4).
Footnote 688:
To this may be added that the Moabite Stone speaks of the vessels of
Jahveh which king Mesha carried off as plunder from the Northern
kingdom (line 18). Kuenen goes too far in finding a connexion between
the worship of Jahveh in the Northern kingdom and the figures of bulls
(_Religion of Israel_, I. 74 _et seq._)
Footnote 689:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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