_w_, when a consonant, is pronounced as in English; when a vowel, like _oc_. _y_, when long, is like _ee_; when short, like _u_ in “but.” _ch_ and _c_ as in Gaelic. _dd_ is like _th_ in “breathe”. _f_ is like _v; ff_like English _f_. The sound of _ll_ is perhaps better not attempted by the English reader. It is a thickened _l_, something between _cl_ and _th_. Vowels as in Gaelic, but note that there are strictly no diphthongs in Welsh, in combinations of vowels each is given its own sound. A ABRED. The innermost of three concentric circles representing the totality of being in the Cymric cosmogony—the stage of struggle and evolution, 333 ABUNDANCE. See Stone of Abundance ÆDA (ay´da). 1. Dwarf of King Fergus mac Leda, 247. 2. Royal suitor for Vivionn’s hand; Vivionn slain by, 287 ÆD´UANS. Familiar with plating of copper and tin, 44 ÆGIRA. Custom of the priestess of Earth at, in Achæa, ere prophesying, 167 ÆSUN. Umbrian deity, 86 ÆSUS. Deity mentioned by Lucan, 86 AED THE FAIR (AED FINN) (aid). Chief sage of Ireland; author of “Voyage of Maeldūn,” 331 AEI (ay´ee), PLAIN OF, where Brown Bull of Quelgny meets and slays Bull of Ailell, 225 AFRICAN ORIGIN. Primitive population of Great Britain and Ireland, evidence of language suggests, 78 AGE, IRON. The ship a well-recognised form of sepulchral enclosure in cemeteries of the, 76 AG´NOMAN. Nemed’s father, 98 AIDEEN. Wife of Oscar, 261; dies of grief after Oscar’s death, 261; buried on Ben Edar (Howth), 261, 262 AIFA (eefa). Princess of Land of Shadows; war made upon, by Skatha, 189; Cuchulain overcomes by a trick, 190; life spared conditionally by Cuchulain, 190; bears a son named Connla, 190 AILBACH (el-yach) Fortress in Co. Donegal, where Ith hears MacCuill and his brothers are arranging the division of the land, 132 AILILL (el’yill), or AILELL. 1. Son of Laery, treacherously slain by his uncle Covac, 152. 2. Brother of Eochy; his desperate love for Etain, 158-160. 3. King of Connacht, 122; Angus Ōg seeks aid of, 122; Fergus seeks aid of, 202; assists in foray against province of Ulster, 203-251; White horned Bull of, slain by Brown Bull of Quelgny, 225; makes seven years’ peace with Ulster, 225; hound of mac Datho pursues chariot of, 244; slain by Conall, 245 AILILL EDGE-OF-BATTLE. Of the sept of the Owens of Aran; father of Maeldūn, slain by reavers from Leix, 310 AILILL OLUM (el-yill olum) King of Munster; ravishes Ainé and is slain by her, 127 AINÉ. A love-goddess, daughter of the Danaan Owel; Ailill Olum and Fitzgerald her lovers, 127; mother of Earl Gerald, 128; still worshipped on Midsummer Eve, 128; appears on a St. John’s Night, among girls on the Hill, 128 AINLÉ. Brother of Naisi, 198