The earliest printed account of Uxmal is in Cogolludo’s _Yucathan_ (Madrid, 1688), pp. 176, 193, 197; but it was well into this century before others were written. Lorenzo de Zavala gave but an outline account in his _Notice_, printed in Dupaix in 1834. Waldeck (_Voyage Pitt._ 67, 93) spent eight days there in May, 1835, and Stephens gives him the credit of being the earliest describer to attract attention. Stephens’s first visit in 1840 was hasty (_Cent. Amer._, ii. 413), but on his second visit (1842) he took with him Waldeck’s _Voyage_, and his description and the drawings of Catherwood were made with the advantage of having these earlier drawings to compare. Stephens (_Yucatan_, i. 297) says that their plans and drawings differ materially from Waldeck’s; but Bancroft, who compares the two, says that Stephens exaggerated the differences, which are not material, except in a few plates (Stephens’s _Yucatan_, i. 163; ii. 264—ch. 24, 25). About the same time Norman and Friederichsthal made their visits. Bancroft (iv. 150) refers to the lesser narratives of Carillo (1845), and another, recorded in the _Registro Yucateco_ (i. 273, 361), with Carl Bartholomæus Heller (April, 1847) in his _Reisen in Mexico_ (Leipzig, 1853). Charnay’s _Ruines_ (p. 362), and his _Anciens Villes_ (ch. 19, 20), record visits in 1858 and later. Brasseur reported upon Uxmal in 1865 in the _Archives de la Com. Scientifique du Méxique_ (ii. 234, 254), and he had already made mention of them in his _Hist. Nations Civ._, ii. ch. 1.[1045] [Illustration: RUINED TEMPLE AT UXMAL. After a cut in Ruge’s _Gesch. des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_, p. 357.] The ruins of Chichen-Itza make part of the eastern group of the Yucatan remains. As was not the case with some of the other principal ruins, the city in its prime has a record in Maya tradition; it was known in the days of the Conquest, and has not been lost sight of since,[1046] though its ruins were not visited by explorers till well within the present century, the first of whom, according to Stephens, was John Burke, in 1838. Stephens had heard of them and mentioned them to Friederichsthal, who was there in 1840 (_Nouv. Annales des Voyages_, xcii. 300-306). Norman was there in February, 1842 (_Rambles_, 104), and did not seem aware that any one had been there before him; and Stephens himself, during the next month (_Yucatan_, ii. 282), made the best record which we have. Charnay made his observations in 1858 (_Ruines_, 339,—cf. _Anciens Villes_, ch. 18), and gives us nine good photographs. The latest discoverer is Le Plongeon, whose investigations were signalized by the finding (1876) of the statue of Chackmool, and by other notable researches (_Am. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1877; October, 1878).[1047] [Illustration: FROM CHICHEN-ITZA.