It was not till Humboldt approached the subject in the fourth and fifth volumes of his _Examen critique de l’histoire et de la géographie du nouveau monde_ that the great injustice to Vespucius on account of the greater injustice to Columbus began to be apparent. No one but Santarem, since Humboldt’s time, has attempted to rehabilitate the old arguments. Those who are cautious had said before that he might pardonably have given his name to the long coast-line which he had tracked, but that he was not responsible for its ultimate expansion.[613] But Humboldt’s opinion at once prevailed, and he reviewed and confirmed them in his _Cosmos_.[614] Humboldt’s views are convincingly and elaborately enforced; but the busy reader may like to know they are well epitomized by Wiesener in a paper, “Améric Vespuce et Christophe Colomb: la véritable origine du nom d’Amérique,” which was published in the _Revue des questions historiques_ (1866), i. 225-252, and translated into English in the _Catholic World_ (1867), v. 611. The best English authority on this question is Mr. R. H. Major, who has examined it with both thoroughness and condensation of statement in his paper on the Da Vinci map in the _Archæologia_, vol. xl., in his _Prince Henry the Navigator_ (pp. 367-380),[615] and in his _Discoveries of Prince Henry_, chap. xiv. Harrisse in his _Bibl. Amer. Vet._, pp. 65, 94, enumerates the contestants on the question; and Varnhagen, who is never unjust to Columbus, traces in a summary way the progress in the acceptance of the name of America in his _Nouvelles recherches sur les derniers voyages du navigateur Florentin_. In German, Oscar Peschel in his _Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_ (book ii. chap. 13) has examined the matter with a scholar’s instincts. The subject was followed by M. Schoetter in a paper read at the Congrès des Américanistes at Luxemburg in 1877; but it is not apparent from the abstract of the paper in the _Proceedings_ of that session (p. 357) that any new light was thrown upon the matter. Professor Jules Marcou would drive the subject beyond the bounds of any personal associations by establishing the origin of the name in the native designation (Americ, Amerrique, Amerique) of a range of mountains in Central America;[616] and Mr. T. H. Lambert, in the _Bulletin_ of the American Geographical Society (no. 1 of 1883), asks us to find the origin in the name given by the Peruvians to their country,—neither of which theories has received or is likely to receive any considerable acceptance.[617] [Illustration: APIANUS (_from_ REUSNER’S _Icones_, 1590, p. 175).] THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POMPONIUS MELA, SOLINUS, VADIANUS, AND APIANUS. BY THE EDITOR. [Illustration: POMPONIUS MELA’S WORLD. Reduced after map in Bunbury’s _Ancient Geography_ (London, 1879), ii. 368.]