Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 4 (of 8): French Explorations and Settlements in North America and Those of the Portuguese, Dutch, and Swedes 1500-1700
History
Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 4 (of 8): French Explorations and Settlements in North America and Those of the Portuguese, Dutch, and Swedes 1500-1700
America -- Discovery and exploration; America -- History; United States -- History
On the 29th all the French at the place were called together. The
answers to the interrogatories by the prisoners were read, and then by
vote it was unanimously decided that they were guilty and ought to die.
As the traders at Keweenaw desired all possible leniency to be shown,
Du Lhut decided to execute only two,—man for man, for those murdered;
and in this opinion he was sustained by De la Tour, the Superior of
the Jesuit missionaries at the Sault. Folle Avoine and the eldest of
Achiganaga’s sons were selected. Du Lhut writes: “I then returned to
the cabin of Brochet [a chief], with Mess’rs Boisguillot, Peré, De
Repentigny, De Manthet, De la Ferte, and Maçons, where were all the
chiefs of the Outawas du Sable, Outawas Sinagos, Sauteurs, D’Achiliny,
a part of the Hurons, and Oumamens, chief of the Amikoys. I informed
them of our decision; ... that the Frenchmen having been killed by the
different tribes, one of each must die; and that the same death they
had caused the French to suffer they must also suffer.” The Jesuit
Fathers then proceeded to baptize the prisoners, in the belief of the
Church of Rome that by the external application of water they might
become citizens of the kingdom of heaven. One hour later, a procession
was formed of forty-two Frenchmen, with Du Lhut at their head, and
the prisoners were taken to a hill, and in the sight of four hundred
Indians the two murderers were shot.
To Du Lhut must always be given the credit of being the first in the
distant West, at the outlet of Lake Superior, to exhibit the majesty of
law, under the forms of the French code. While some of the timid and
prejudiced, in Canada and France, condemned his course as harsh and
impolitic, yet, as the enforcer of a respect for life, he was upheld by
the more thoughtful and reasonable.[506]
During the summer of 1683 (Aug. 10), René Le Gardeur, Sieur de
Beauvais, with thirteen others who had a permit to trade among the
Illinois, departed from Mackinaw, and early in December reached the
lower end of Lake Michigan, and wintered in the valley of the Theakiki
or Kankakee River. About the 10th of March, 1684, while on their way to
Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois River, they were robbed by the Seneca
Iroquois of their seven canoes of merchandise, and after nine days
sent back to the Chicago River with only two canoes and some powder
and lead. The Indians, on the 21st, approached and besieged Fort St.
Louis,[507] which was gallantly defended by the Chevalier de Baugy and
the brave Henry Tonty, the Bras Coupé (Cut Arm), as he was called by
them, because he had lost his hand in battle.[508]
Upon the receipt of the news of this incursion, Governor de la Barre,
under a pressure from the merchants of Quebec, whose goods were
imperilled, determined to attack the Iroquois in their own country.
Orders were sent to the posts of the upper lakes for the commandants to
bring down allies to Niagara. While on his way, Du Lhut wrote to De la
Barre:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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