the Verrazano letter for the New York Society, and had previously published his essay in the _North American Review_ for October, 1837. He reprinted it in his _Historical Studies_. Carli’s letter may be consulted in English translations in Mr. Smith’s, Mr. Murphy’s, and Mr. Brevoort’s essays on Verrazano. References to the voyage occur occasionally in French, English, and Spanish authors;[47] and it was not until within a few years that any doubt was thrown upon the authenticity of the narrative. In October, 1864, Mr. Buckingham Smith, an accomplished scholar, who had been secretary of the American Legation at Madrid, read a paper upon this subject before the New York Historical Society, afterward published the same year under the title, _An Inquiry into the Authenticity of Documents concerning a Discovery in North America claimed to have been made by Verrazzano_. Mr. Smith’s death interrupted an enlarged and revised edition of this essay, which he was urged to prepare.[48] Mr. J. Carson Brevoort presented a paper on Verrazano, taking an opposite view, to the American Geographical Society, in 1871, which he printed three years later, entitled _Verrazano the Navigator_.[49] This was followed by the appearance, in 1875, of Mr. Henry C. Murphy’s _The Voyage of Verrazzano_, in which he makes an able plea against the genuineness of the accounts of the voyage. This book caused considerable discussion, and has been answered several times. It remains, I think, the last word on that side of the question,—except that Mr. Bancroft has omitted all notice of Verrazano in the revised edition of his _History of the United States_, and the editors of Appleton’s _American Cyclopædia_ seem to adopt Mr. Murphy’s conclusions. Mr. Murphy’s book was reviewed by Harrisse in the _Revue critique_ for Jan. 1, 1876, and his conclusions were accepted with some reserve. It was noticed unfavorably by Mr. Major in the London _Geographical Magazine_ (iii. 186) for July, 1876 (copied from the _Pall Mall Gazette_ of May 26, 1876), and by the Rev. B. F. De Costa in the _American Church Review_ of the same date. In 1878-1879 papers on this subject by De Costa appeared in the _Magazine of American History_, which were afterward collected and revised by their author, and issued, with the title, _Verrazano the Explorer_, in 1881. This work contains an exhaustive bibliography of the subject, to which reference should be made.[50] In this same year, 1881, M. Cornelio Desimoni, vice-president of the “Società Ligure di Storia Patria,” printed in the fifteenth volume of the _Atti_ of that Society a second _Studio_ on Verrazano, in which he takes strong ground in favor of the genuineness of the voyage. This essay had been presented to the third congress of “Américanistes,” which met at Brussels in 1879. M. Desimoni had previously contributed to the _Archivio Storico Italiano_ for August, 1877, an article upon this navigator,[51] but was able to review Mr.