The Moravians, settling first in Georgia, had founded Bethlehem in Pennsylvania in 1741, and soon extended the field of their labors into New York;[557] and in no way did the characteristics of this people impress the life of the colonies so much as in the intermediary nature of their missions among the Indians. David Zeisberger was a leading spirit in this work, and left a manuscript account (written in 1778 in German) of the missions, which was discovered by Schweinitz in the archives of the Moravian church at Bethlehem. (Schweinitz’s _Zeisberger_, p. 29.) It proved to be the source upon which Loskiel had depended for the first part of his _History of the Mission of the United Brethren among the Indians in North America, in three parts, by Geo. H. Loskiel, translated from the German by Christian Ignatius Latrobe_ (London, 1794);[558] and Schweinitz found it of invaluable use to him in the studies for his _Life of David Zeisberger_ (Philad., 1870). The other principal authority on the work of the Moravians among the Indians is Rev. John Heckewelder, whose _Narrative of the Mission of the United Brethren_ (Philad., 1820) has been elsewhere referred to,[559] and who also published _An account of the History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the neighboring States_ (Philad., 1818).[560] Schweinitz also refers to another manuscript upon the Indians, preserved in the library of the American Philosophical Society, by Christopher Pyrlaeus, likewise a Moravian missionary.[561] We have again from Spangenberg an _Account of the manner in which the Protestant Church of the Unitas Fratrum preach the Gospel and carry on their missions among the heathen_ (English transl., London, 1788); and his notes of travel to Onondaga, in 1745, which are referred to in the original MS. by Schweinitz (_Zeisberger_, p. 132), have since been printed in the _Penna. Mag. of History_ (vol. iii.).[562] Perhaps the most distinguished of the English missionaries was David Brainerd, a native of Connecticut, of whose methods and their results, as he went among the Indians of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, we have the record in his life and diaries.[563] * * * * * The question of the population of the middle colonies during the eighteenth century is complicated somewhat by the heterogeneous compounding of nationalities, particularly in Pennsylvania. In New Jersey the people were more purely English than in New York. We find brought together the statistics of the population of New York, 1647-1774, in the _Doc. Hist. of N. Y._ (i. 687), and Lodge (_English Colonies_, p. 312) collates some of the evidence. The German element in New York is exemplified in F. Kapp’s _Die Deutschen im Staate New York während des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts_. (New York, 1884.)