Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
History
Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
America -- Discovery and exploration; America -- History; United States -- History
and shows the oppressive and impolitic nature of the acts complained
of.[89] Changes were taking place in the Grafton ministry which boded
evil to the colonies. Shelburne, the most liberal friend of the
Americans, was succeeded by Hillsborough in December, 1767, and Conway
by Weymouth, January 20, 1768. While the circular letter was on its
way to the colonies and to Westminster (for it was intended also for
England), events were occurring at Boston which showed the temper of
the people, and had no inconsiderable influence upon the action of the
British government. The anniversary of the repeal of the Stamp Act,
March 18, 1768, did not pass without popular demonstrations of ill-will
to the customs officials, nor did the governor escape abusive language
from the mob.[90] For some years these officers had been resisted in
making seizures of uncustomed goods, which were frequently rescued
from their possession by interested parties, and the determination of
the commissioners of customs to break up this practice frequently led
to collisions; but no flagrant outbreak occurred until the seizure of
John Hancock's sloop "Liberty" (June 10, 1768), laden with a cargo of
Madeira wine. The officer in charge, refusing a bribe, was forcibly
locked up in the cabin, the greater part of the cargo was removed,
and the remainder entered at the custom-house as the whole cargo.
This led to seizure of the vessel, said to have been the first made
by the commissioners, and for security she was placed under the guns
of the "Romney", a man-of-war in the harbor. For this the revenue
officers were roughly handled by the mob. Their boat was burned, their
houses threatened, and they, with their alarmed families, took refuge
on board the "Romney", and finally in the Castle. These proceedings
undoubtedly led to the sending additional military forces to Boston in
September.[91]
The General Court was in session at the time, but no effectual
proceedings were taken against the rioters. Public sympathy was with
them in their purposes, if not in their measures. But the inhabitants
of Boston, in town meeting on the 14th, in an address to Governor
Bernard, probably drawn by Otis,[92] among other matters complained
of being invaded by an armed force. With grim humor, the address
represents the commissioners, who had fled for safety to the Castle,
as having "of their own notion" relinquished the exercise of their
commission, and expressed the hope that they would never resume it, and
demanded of the governor to give immediate order for the removal of
the "Romney" from the harbor. Some weeks later (June 30) the Council
passed the customary resolution, setting forth "their utter abhorrence
and detestation" of the riotous proceedings, and desiring that the
governor, through the attorney-general, would prosecute all guilty
persons, that they and "their abettors might be brought to condign
punishment."[93]
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