One of the special features of the trachoma work was the giving of lectures and clinics before medical societies in various counties where trachoma hospitals could not be established. Patients were operated upon in the presence of physicians and the most modern methods of treatment demonstrated. Throughout, the purpose has been to stimulate local interest in taking up the campaign to eradicate trachoma. HOW THE GOVERNMENT IS MEETING THE MALARIA PROBLEM. Four per cent of the inhabitants of certain sections of the South have malaria. This estimate, based on the reporting of 204,881 cases during 1914, has led the United States Public Health Service to give increased attention to the malaria problem, according to the annual report of the Surgeon General. Of 13,526 blood specimens examined by Government officers during the year, 1,797 showed malarial infection. The infection rate among white persons was above 8 per cent, and among colored persons 20 per cent. In two counties in the Yazoo Valley, forty out of every one hundred inhabitants presented evidence of the disease. Striking as the above figures are they are not more remarkable than those relating to the reduction in the incidence of the disease following surveys of the Public Health Service at thirty-four places in nearly every State of the South. In some instances from an incidence of fifteen per cent, in 1914, a reduction has been accomplished to less than 4 or 5 per cent in 1915. One of the important scientific discoveries made during the year was in regard to the continuance of the disease from season to season. Over 2,000 Anopheline mosquitoes in malarious districts were dissected, during the early spring months, without finding a single infected insect, and not until May 15, 1915, was the first parasite in the body of a mosquito discovered. The Public Health Service, therefore, concludes that mosquitoes in the latitude of the southern states ordinarily do not carry the infection through the winter. This discovery indicates that protection from malaria may be secured by treating human carriers with quinine previous to the middle of May, thus preventing any infection from chronic sufferers reaching the mosquitoes and being transmitted by them to other persons. Although quinine remains the best means of treating malaria, and is also of marked benefit in preventing infection, the eradication of the disease as a whole rests upon the destruction of the breeding places of Anopheline mosquitoes. The Public Health Service, therefore, is urging a definite campaign of draining standing water, the filling of low places, and the regrading and training of streams where malarial mosquitoes breed. The oiling of breeding places, and the stocking of streams with top-feeding minnows, are further recommended. The Service also gives advice regarding screening, and other preventive measures as a part of the educational campaigns conducted in sections of infected territory.