V-M ÷sterman, Eric Eldred, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE BY GEORGE E. WOODBERRY PREFACE The narrative of Hawthorne's life has been partly told in the autobiographical passages of his writings which he himself addressed to his readers from time to time, and in the series of "Note Books," not meant for publication but included in his posthumous works; the remainder is chiefly contained in the family biography, "Nathaniel Hawthorne and his Wife" by his son Julian Hawthorne, "Memories of Hawthorne" by his daughter, Mrs. Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, and "A Study of Hawthorne," by his son-in-law, George Parsons Lathrop. Collateral material is also to be found abundantly in books of reminiscences by his contemporaries. These are the printed sources of the present biography. The author takes pleasure in expressing his thanks to his publishers for the ample material they have placed at his disposal; and also to Messrs. Harper and Brothers for their permission to make extracts from Horatio Bridge's "Personal Recollections of Nathaniel Hawthorne," and to Samuel T. Pickard, Esq., author of "Hawthorne's First Diary," and to Dr. Moncure D. Conway, author of "Nathaniel Hawthorne" (Appleton's), for a like courtesy. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, April 1, 1902. CONTENTS CHAP. I. FIRST YEARS II. THE CHAMBER UNDER THE EAVES III. WEIGHER, GAUGER, AND FARMER IV. THE OLD MANSE V. THE SCARLET LETTER VI. LITERARY LABORS VII. LIFE ABROAD VIII. LAST YEARS NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE * * * * * I. FIRST YEARS.