===================================================================== | Number of scales |------------------------------------------------------------- Number | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | samples| D | U | D | U | D | U | D | U | D |U| D|U| D|U|D|U|D -------+---+-----+-----+---+----+---+----+---+-----+-+--+-+--+-+-+-+- 25 | |13-35|10-32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11 |1-2|12-33|14-28| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | |16-39| 1-9 |1-3|3-24| | | | | | | | | | | | 20 |1-4| 3-37| 1-21|1-5|1-29| | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | |14-30| 1-8 |1-7|1-8 |1-4|2-10| | | | | | | | | | 3 | 1 |18-23| 1-2 |1-2|6-11|1-3|6-9 | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | 1-17| 1 |1-3|1-8 |1-4|1-3 |1-4|13-22| | | | | | | | 2 |1-2| 4-16| 1 |1-4| 2 | 1 |1-4 | 1 |18-21| | | | | | | | 1 | | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 |1|11| | | | | | 1 | | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 |10 | 1 | 2 | 2 |1| 4|4| | | | | 1 | | 20 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 |2| 4|1| 3| | | | 1 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |4| 2|4|13| | | | 1 | | 17 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 |1| 2|3| 2|7| | | 1 | | 9 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |3| 1|1| 2|1|1|1|6 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of caudal scales revealed sexual dimorphism. In the six specimens from Tennessee, Blanchard (1922:16) found the same thing. Caudals averaged 45.4 (41 to 50) on 34 males and 42.6 (39 to 49) on 44 females (Fig. 3). Barbour (_loc. cit._) found an average of 45.7 (30 to 54) caudals in males and 43 (17 to 56) in females. Caudal scale counts by Gloyd and Conant (_loc. cit._) averaged 44 (38 to 49) in males and 42 (37 to 48) in females of _leucostoma_; in _piscivorus_ they averaged 48 (42 to 53) in males and 44 (41 to 49) in females. Another seldom-mentioned, unusual characteristic of the caudal scales of copperheads and cottonmouths is that some are single (usually those at the base of the tail) and others divided (Table 5). To my knowledge, all other species have either single or divided scales the entire length of the tail. See Klauber (1941:73) and Fox (1948:252) concerning correlation of few scales with warm environment. Dentition