Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii AudubonBarlow, Jon C.
Science
Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon
Barlow, Jon C.
Bell vireo; Birds
As indicated earlier, hatching normally occurs fourteen days after the
second egg is laid. Hatching of the young was staggered at three nests
under observation. In nest 2-b (1959) the first young hatched on June
8, 1959, the second on June 10. In 3-b (1959) one young hatched each
day from the 12th through the 14th of June. In 5-a (1959) two young
hatched on June 15, the third on June 16, and the fourth on June 17.
Size of the young differed notably for about three days as a result of
staggered hatching, but after that day the younger birds tended to
catch up in size with their older brood-mates. The fourth young in
nest 5-a (1959) grew steadily weaker and was missing from the nest on
June 23, 1959. Staggered hatching is usually thought to be related to
the availability of food that will insure survival of at least some of
the nestlings when a shortage of food exists. It is doubtful that
staggered hatching has adaptive significance in the Bell Vireo, since
there seems to be no shortage of food for the young. In small
passerines such as the Bell Vireo the principal problem is to insure
fledging as quickly as possible because of the danger from predators.
_Development of the Nestlings_
Young are pinkish at hatching and devoid of visible natal down. Du
Bois (_in_ Wetherbee, 1957:380), inspected day-old nestlings by means
of a magnifying glass and was unable to detect any down. Nolan
(1960:236) also indicates that the young are naked at birth and that
the "body color is between flesh and rufous except where folds of the
straw yellow skin obscure the underlying colors." The Hutton Vireo
(_Vireo huttoni_) is essentially naked at birth, save for sparse
hairlike down on the head and back (Wetherbee, 1953:380). The Red-eyed
Vireo, according to Lawrence (1953:67) is naked at birth save for a
sparse covering of greyish natal down, on the head, shoulders, and
back.
In the Bell Vireo the pterylae darken slightly on the second day and
the color becomes more intense daily until the quills of the dorsal
tracts, the wings, and the tail break from their sheaths on the sixth
day. In Red-eyed Vireos the pterylae darken by the end of the first
day and the quills break through the skin on the fifth day, erupting
from the sheaths by the seventh day (Lawrence, 1953:67).
From the first day the young are able to squeak. Poking a young bird
was sufficient to elicit this sound, phonetically a nasal _peek_. The
only other vocalization noted throughout the nestling period was an
abbreviated _chee_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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