Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
Perhaps the most important character that is subject to geographic
variation in the racer, and certainly one of the most neglected, is
body size. With information now available it is not possible to
compare the sizes of different populations except in a general way.
The best sources of information concerning size in several subspecies
other than _flaviventris_, are the publications of Auffenberg (1949
and 1955). Comparison of these data with my own is not entirely
satisfactory because Auffenberg did not indicate clearly differences
in size between the sexes, nor indicate the boundary line between
young and adults. Also, his measurements are of overall length. For
the purpose of comparison I have subtracted 22.5 per cent, an
approximation of ratio of average tail length, from Auffenberg's
figures. He stated (1955:98) that the series of specimens on which
measurements were based were those "with a uniform coloration," that
is to say they had lost the juvenal pattern and were probably sexually
mature. Whether the same statement applied to the large series of
_stejnegerianus_ in the same author's earlier paper (1949:55) is
doubtful.
_C. c. constrictor_: 34 New York specimens averaged 806
millimeters (Auffenberg, 1955:96).
_C. c. flaviventris_: 100 Kansas specimens averaged 791
millimeters (males, 746; females, 836).
_C. c. priapus_: 171 Florida specimens averaged 713
millimeters (Auffenberg, 1955:96).
_C. c. stejnegerianus_: 291 Texas specimens averaged 664
millimeters (Auffenberg, 1949:54).
_C. c. mormon_: 94 West Coast specimens (Museum of Vertebrate
Zoology) averaged 563 millimeters (males 515, females 600).
_C. c. anthicus_: 35 northern Louisiana specimens estimated
to average 582 millimeters (Clark, 1949:249--the author did
not present individual measurements, but indicated the
numbers in several size groups in his sample).
The 100 _flaviventris_ in the above list were recorded in June, July
and August, a season when the young of the preceding year are still
small, and these young were not included. In a fall sample 63 males
averaged 729 millimeters and 65 females averaged 886 millimeters, but
with the nearly grown young (44 males and 40 females) included, the
averages were changed to 651 and 768 respectively. Maximum length
perhaps express differences between the subspecies as well as, or even
better than, the averages listed above. The following figures indicate
some of the maximum overall length measurements in inches that have
been published by various authors. These measurements pertain to
females unless otherwise indicated.
_C. c. constrictor_: 74-3/4, 74-1/4, 73, 65-1/2 (Auffenberg,
1955:96).
_C. c. flaviventris_: 71 (Pope, 1944:172), 72 (Conant,
1958:147).
_C. c. priapus_: 52-1/2 ([M]) (Auffenberg, 1955:98).
_C. c. stejnegerianus_: 37 (Auffenberg, 1949:54), 40 (Conant,
1958:148).
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