Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
The racer hunts by stealth, but actively, obtaining its prey by keen
eyesight and swift movements. Wright and Bishop (1915:160) wrote that
because of its great speed it can catch anything that moves on the
ground. As a racer moves stealthily through dense vegetation, its
dull, uniform dorsal color blends well with the surface litter of dead
plant material. In prowling, the snake glides along rapidly and
alertly, in a jerky fashion, with frequent momentary pauses and
changes of direction. Because of its inconspicuousness, it is not
likely to be detected by the prey until it is close at hand. The snake
is ready to dash in pursuit of any small animal that flies, jumps or
runs to escape.
On August 27, 1955, my daughter observed a large racer hunting among
tall weeds at the edge of the pond on the Reservation. Several times
in the course of its movements, it flushed small frogs (_Rana
pipiens_) and each time the snake darted in unsuccessful pursuit of
the rapidly hopping frog. On several occasions I have been led to a
blue racer by the distressed croaking of a frog that the snake had
captured. In each instance, despite my cautious approach, the racer
saw me before I detected it, and then darted away, abandoning its
prey. On one occasion, while I was still a few yards from the racer,
and before the latter had detected me, the frog broke free and hopped
away rapidly through tall grass and weeds, and after several leaps,
hid, concealed by dense screening vegetation. The racer darted in
pursuit but could not find the frog. For several minutes the snake
persisted in an active search; with forebody elevated and head held
high, it would turn first in one direction and then in another, with
nervous, jerky movements, obviously keyed up to a high pitch of
excitement. Then it became aware of my presence, lowered its head, and
glided away rapidly, abandoning the search.
Although the racer depends to a large extent on sight to find its
prey, scent may play some part also, as indicated by the presence in
the food of young mammals taken from nests, some probably found
underground. Near Garnett, Kansas, on May 4, 1952, Richard B. Loomis
found a racer attacking a collared lizard (_Crotaphytus collaris_)
beneath a large flat rock. The lizard was retaliating by biting the
snake's neck. The posterior part of the snake protruded into the open,
and its thrashing had directed the attention of the observer to it.
Whether the racer first found the lizard under the rock, or followed
it there after flushing it in the open is unknown.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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