Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
Like other reptilian eggs, those of the racer are dependent upon the
warmth of their surroundings for incubation. They are tolerant of a
wide range of environmental temperatures, but the higher the
temperature the more rapidly incubation proceeds. Under natural
conditions there may be much difference in hatching time in two
clutches laid at the same time and in the same locality. Site of the
nest--deep and well insulated, or shallow; in a well shaded situation
or one exposed to maximum amounts of sunshine--would largely control
rates of development. Clark (1949:249) writing of the subspecies
_anthicus_ in north-central Louisiana, stated: "eggs are laid about
the first of June.... young begin to make their appearance at about
... July 1." Even for the southern states these dates of laying and
hatching seem somewhat too early to reconcile with the records
published by other observers, and are in need of verification,
especially since they seem to be based upon vaguely remembered
observations rather than upon written records. At the other extreme
Surface (1906:167) wrote of _constrictor_ in Pennsylvania that
hatching may occur as late as October, and that there is evidence some
young may even remain in the egg over winter before hatching occurs.
Several incubation periods are on record for clutches laid and hatched
in captivity, as follows:
_C. c. mormon_, Oregon, 47 and 51 days (laid July 3, 1961,
hatched August 19 and 23; Van de Velde, Martan and Risley,
1962:212).
_C. c. stejnegerianus_, Texas, 73 days (laid June 5, 1947,
hatched August 17, Auffenberg, 1949:54).
_C. c. priapus_, S. Illinois, 58 and 59 days (laid July 10,
1940, hatched September 6 and 7, Cagle, 1942:187).
_C. c. flaviventris_, Kansas, 50 days (laid July 4 and 5,
hatched August 23 and 24; Munro, 1950:124).
_C. c. flaviventris_, Texas, 43 days (laid June 9, 1952,
hatched July 22; Guidry, 1953:50).
No incubation periods for eggs in natural nests have been recorded. In
the course of my study, eggs obtained from 12 captive females were
hatched in confinement, with an average incubation period of 51 days
(43 to 63) as follows:
Laid July 6, 1955, hatched August 20.
Laid July 3, 1958, hatched September 3 and 4.
Laid June 21, 1959, hatched August 17.
Laid June 26, 1959, hatched August 17.
Laid July 7, 1959, hatched August 23 to 25.*
Laid June 23, 1960, hatched August 20.*
Laid June 30, 1961, hatched August 30.
Laid July 15, 1961, hatched September 1 and 2.*
Laid July 18, 1961, hatched September 2 and 3.*
Laid July 4 and 5, 1962, hatched August 15 and 16.*
Laid June 29 and 30, 1962, hatched August 14 and 15.*
Laid July 6, 1962, hatched August 16 to 20.*
In the foregoing list those entries marked with asterisks were
obtained from the Harvey County study area; all others were from the
Reservation and Rockefeller Tract.
_Hatching_
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