Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
That the red-tailed hawk is a natural enemy to be reckoned with
throughout the racer's extensive range was demonstrated by the
analysis of contents of 116 stomachs from localities well scattered
over the United States and Canada. Among the 152 vertebrate prey items
represented there were three racers: a juvenile _C. c. constrictor_
from Stag Lake, New Jersey, October 16, 1927; a _C. c. mormon_ from
Weiser, Idaho, April 11, 1930, and a _C. c. stejnegerianus_ from San
Roman, Cameron County, Texas, in the spring of 1938. Because of the
widely scattered geographical origin of these stomachs, a remarkably
large number of species of prey were represented, and no one species
predominated. Small mammals of the genera _Sylvilagus_,
_Spermophilus_, and _Thomomys_ comprised the most important component
of the food; the only other reptile so well represented as the racer
was the common garter snake (_Thamnophis sirtalis_) which likewise had
three occurrences.
In June and July, 1954, a nest of broad-winged hawks (_Buteo
platypterus_) on the Reservation yielded 71 prey items of which seven
were blue racers. At least 19 species of prey were represented,
although specific determinations were not possible in some instances.
The prairie vole with eight records was the most frequent prey, and
the racer and cardinal (nestlings) each had seven, while all other
species were represented by fewer occurrences. Six of the racers were
first-year young but the remaining one was thought to be an undersized
second-year individual. Although an adult racer, especially a large
one, would probably be an adversary too powerful to be killed and
eaten by a broad-winged hawk, this hawk is perhaps one of the more
important natural enemies of the first-year young in the eastern
United States.
Further records of predation on racers by raptors were obtained from
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service files through the kindness of Dr.
Wm. H. Stickel. There were three records of such predation by
red-shouldered hawks (_Buteo lineatus_) from Lunenberg, Massachusetts,
May 1, 1896; Portland, Maine, March 16, 1906; and 65 miles northeast
of Sarasota, Florida, June 10, 1918. There were two records of
predation by broad-winged hawks from Catlettsburg, Kentucky, July 26,
1910, and Portland, Connecticut, May 18, 1912. There were four records
of predation by marsh hawks on racers--Peck's Island, Maine, September
18, 1903; Edgartown, Massachusetts, April 12, 1912; West [Tisbury?],
Massachusetts, July 31, 1912; and Okanagan Landing, British Columbia,
June 5, 1918. A sparrow hawk (_Falco sparverius_) from De Ranch,
Wyoming, May 27, 1910, had eaten a racer, as had a barn owl (_Tyto
alba_), from Franklin County, Kansas, November 16, 1922, and a crow
(_Corvus brachyrhynchos_, nestling) from Onaga, Kansas, May 16, 1914.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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