Natural History: Or, Uncle Philip's Conversations with the Children about Tools and Trades among Inferior AnimalsHawks, Francis L. (Francis Lister)
Religion
Natural History: Or, Uncle Philip's Conversations with the Children about Tools and Trades among Inferior Animals
Hawks, Francis L. (Francis Lister)
Animals -- Juvenile literature; Insects -- Juvenile literature; Natural history -- Juvenile literature
"I will. The insect I mean is the caddis-worm, which is to be found
sometimes in ponds, and very often in springs of fresh water. There
are several sorts of them, but the one I am thinking of now, builds a
stone house to live in. These worms are in the habit of making a little
tube, sometimes of sand, or shell, or wood, or leaves, or stones, to
live in; and their skill consists in joining these perfectly, and
making them stick together. But we are talking now of the caddis-worm
that uses stone. What the worm has to do is to make a tube out of small
stones, that shall have a hollow about as large as a wheat straw, and be
perfectly smooth inside. This is a pretty hard task--at least it would
be very hard to us. When the stone-mason wishes a stone of a particular
size or shape, and cannot find it, he takes his hammer and breaks one
until it will suit; but the caddis-worm has no hammer, and must take
the stones just as it finds them. The little insect then has to pick
out a great many stones before he gets the right one, because they have
so many little rough points about them that it is very difficult to
get those which will make the tube perfectly smooth inside. Remember,
too, that the bottom or lower side of this stone case has to be pretty
nearly smooth, so that the worm can drag it along on the bottom of the
spring or pond (for it never comes out of it), and you will see that the
picking out of the stones alone is no trifle. But besides this, it has
to fasten them together with mortar."
"And can the worm really do this, Uncle Philip? Will not the water wash
the mortar all away?"
"It certainly would if it were like common mortar. It was a long time
that men lived before they found out a mortar that would remain, and
grow hard under water. When they want to build a wall that is to be
under the water, they use a cement which is called pozzolana; it is
made of lava out of a volcano, and is water-proof. Our caddis-worm has
a cement too, which is better than pozzolana, and though it has been
tried, it cannot be melted or dissolved in water. Here is a drawing of
the stone nest of a caddis-worm."
[Illustration: Stone Nest of Caddis-worm.]
"Uncle Philip, you said that sometimes these worms built their nests
of other things besides stones; let us hear something of them, if you
please."
"Very willingly, boys. Some build of shells: here are pictures of their
nests.
[Illustration: Shell Nests of Caddis-worms.]
Some build of leaves, and others of pieces of reed or light bark.
[Illustration: Reed Nest of Caddis-worm.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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