Nature readers : $b Sea-side and way-side. No. 4Wright, Julia McNair
Science
Nature readers : $b Sea-side and way-side. No. 4
Wright, Julia McNair
Nature study -- Juvenile literature; Readers
The mollusks, or shell-fish, with single or bivalve shells, with
heads or without,[32] were, no doubt, larger and more abundant in the
Silurian epoch than ever after; but they remain plentiful now, as all
collectors of shells are glad to realize, and though in many orders
they have decreased in size, they have increased in beauty of form and
coloring.
The crustaceans, or crab family, were among the earliest of living
creatures. The class survives in many varieties, but some of its
earliest families have entirely perished. In the age in which they
first appeared, the crustaceans were the most numerous of living
things. The crustaceans are of the ringed class of animals, to which
also insects belong,[33] and here we find that the ringed creatures of
the sea preceded by a long time the ringed creatures of the air and
land; for crabs of many kinds crawled in the shallow seas and were
cast upon the rocky shores of the earliest continents and islands long
before a solitary dragon-fly or cockroach found life, or could have
found a wooded or grassy piece of land upon which to rest.
The first of the ancient crustaceans which we shall mention is
represented by a very numerous class of fossils called trilobites.
There are no living trilobites, but the creatures now nearest them are
the isopods. The trilobite was more like an isopod in its larva state
than like a full-grown one. The trilobite had a hard plate or shell
over his head and the front part of his body. This piece of armor was
shaped nearly like the large front portion of the shell of a horseshoe
or king-crab. The king-crab uses this shell as a mud-plough to plough
its way through the slime, where it finds its food and deposits its
eggs.
Some of the ancient trilobites were as small as a split pea, and some
were a foot across their head-plate; but large or small they all
had the head-shell and used it for the same purposes not only for
protection, but as a mud-plough for digging burrows in the ooze below
the shallow seas or on the shores. On the sides of this hard buckler
were placed the eyes, which were large, prominent, and compound, or
furnished with many lenses, as we find in the eyes of insects.[34]
These round, prominent eyes are a very marked feature of a fossil
trilobite; they seem to be staring at creation still, though the
creature has been dead thousands of years.
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