NATURE’S TEACHINGS [Illustration: The Home] NATURE’S TEACHINGS _HUMAN INVENTION ANTICIPATED BY NATURE_ BY THE LATE REV. J. G. WOOD, M.A., F.L.S., ETC. AUTHOR OF “HOMES WITHOUT HANDS,” “MAN AND BEAST, HERE AND HEREAFTER,” ETC. _NEW AND REVISED EDITION_ LONDON J. S. VIRTUE & CO., LIMITED, 26, IVY LANE PATERNOSTER ROW LONDON: PRINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE AND CO., LIMITED. CITY ROAD. PREFACE. A glance at almost any page of this work will denote its object. It is to show the close connection between Nature and human inventions, and that there is scarcely an invention of man that has not its prototype in Nature. And it is worthy of notice that the greatest results have been obtained from means apparently the most insignificant. There are two inventions, for example, which have changed the face of the earth, and which yet sprang from sources that were despised by men, and thought only fit for the passing sport of childhood. I allude, of course, to Steam and Electricity, both of which had been child’s toys for centuries before the one gave us the fixed engine, the locomotive, and the steamboat, and the other supplied us with the compass and the electric telegraph. In the course of this work I have placed side by side a great number of parallels of Nature and Art, making the descriptions as terse and simple as possible, and illustrating them with more than seven hundred and fifty figures. The corollary which I hope will be drawn from the work is evident enough. It is, that as existing human inventions have been anticipated by Nature, so it will surely be found that in Nature lie the prototypes of inventions not yet revealed to man. The great discoverers of the future will, therefore, be those who will look to Nature for Art, Science, or Mechanics, instead of taking pride in some new invention, and then finding that it has existed in Nature for countless centuries. I ought to mention that the illustrations are not intended to be finished drawings, but merely charts or maps, calling attention to the salient points. CONTENTS. NAUTICAL. CHAP. PAGE I. THE RAFT 1 II. THE OAR, THE PADDLE, AND THE SCREW 12 III. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES.--PART I. 23 IV. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES.--PART II. 34 V. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES.--PART III.--THE BOAT-HOOK AND PUNT-POLE.--THE LIFE-BUOY AND PONTOON-RAFT 44 WAR AND HUNTING.