On the other side of the illustration are examples taken from the animal kingdom. First comes the Bajjerkeit, or Short-tailed Manis, which has already been mentioned, and whose imbricated scales will resist the blows of any spear or sword. As to my own specimen, when it is struck, it resounds as if it were a solid plate of metal, and I should think that during the lifetime of the animal a reasonably strong axe would not easily make its way through that coat of mail. Below the Manis are a pair of fish, whose scales, though not so strong as those of the mammal, yet are arranged in the same manner, and answer the same purpose. The last figure represents three scale-bands of the Armadillo, an animal which has already been mentioned. I may as well state here that in several anthropological museums there are various portions of defensive armour made from the scale-clad skin of the Crocodile, Manis, and similar animals. [Illustration: MANIS.] [Illustration: FISHES.] [Illustration: BANDS OF ARMADILLO.] [Illustration: TILES AND SLATES.] ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER III. THE WINDOW.--GIRDERS, TIES, AND BUTTRESSES.--THE TUNNEL.--THE SUSPENSION-BRIDGE. The Window, and its Modifications according to Climate.--Bars and Tracery.--The Wheel-window and the Caddis.--Curious Structure of the Caddis-tube.--Object of its Window.--The Girder as applied to Architecture.--The Radius and Ulna.--The Tie as applied to Architecture, and its Value.--Combination of the Tie and Girder.--Structure of the Crystal Palace.--Leaf of the Victoria Regia.--A Gardener turned Architect.--The Buttress in Art and Nature.--The Tunnel used as a Passage of Communication.--Natural Tunnel of the Ship-worm.--The Thames Tunnel.--The Piddock, or Pholas.--The Driver-ant.--The Suspension-bridge.--The Palm-wine Maker and his Bridge.--Suspension-bridges of Borneo and South America.--The Creepers and the Monkey Tribes.--The Spider and Little Ermine Caterpillar. THE WINDOW. Having traced, though but superficially, the chief parts of a building, such as the walls, the door which is opened through the walls, and the roof which shelters them, we naturally come to the Windows by which light is admitted to them, and enemies excluded. There are, perhaps, few points in Architecture in which such changes have been made as in the Window, which, instead of being a difficulty in the way of the architect, is now valued as a means of increasing the beauty of the building. Taking for example even such advanced specimens of Architecture as those furnished by Egypt, Greece, and Rome, we find that the Window is either absent altogether, its place being supplied by a hole in the roof, or that, when it is present, it was made quite subordinate to the pillars and similar ornaments of the building.