[Illustration: Lock, Extractor, and Breech-Cover.] [Illustration: Breech Mechanism.] [Illustration: Chamber.] The Gatling has ten barrels grouped about a central axis. Each barrel is provided with its own separate lock and extractor, retracted by a cam, the barrels being each fired as it comes to a certain point. The speed of firing can be carried as high as between 400 and 500 cartridges a minute without much forcing. There are two patterns of this gun, known respectively as the long and the short gun, the latter being designed especially for use in ships’ tops, while the former is used in landing and long-range firing. The cartridges are fed to the gun in tin cases holding 40 each, and which are rapidly put in position and changed so that there is no especial time lost in removing one case and shipping another. In case that one barrel should become fouled or a lock be broken, the lock can be extracted very quickly and so no hindrance is offered to the working of the mechanism, as cartridges dropping into the faulty chamber are carried around and dropped out without being fired. Notwithstanding the great rapidity of the fire there is no danger of the barrels becoming too much over-heated, and the great difficulty experienced in most guns of the mitrailleuse pattern of sticking and refusing to work, through the expansion of the barrels and mechanism due to the heat of rapid firing, is either fully avoided or compensated in the Gatling. [Illustration: Barrels, Chamber, and Revolving-Gear.] [Illustration: Frame and Covered Breech.] SMALL-ARMS. Breech-loading small-arms are used in all the navies of the world, and, as with great-guns and machine-guns, although the greater nations strive to develop patterns of their own, many use the same pattern; small-arms of American manufacture being used by the majority. In many navies these arms are of two patterns, generally one of them being some system of conversion from old smooth-bores, whilst the other is a gun of a new pattern. _Types of Small-Arms in Use in the Different Navies._ COUNTRY. TYPE.