ARGENTINE Remington. AUSTRIA Werndl. BRAZIL Remington. CHILI Remington. CHINA Peabody-Martini. DENMARK Remington. ------------------------------------------------- Snider (converted), ENGLAND Peabody-Martini. ------------------------------------------------- Tabatière (converted) FRANCE Chassepot. ------------------------------------------------- GERMANY Mauser. HOLLAND Beaumont. GREECE Chassepot. ITALY Vetterlin. JAPAN Remington. NORWAY AND SWEDEN Remington. PERU Remington. PORTUGAL Peabody-Martini. ------------------------------------------------- Krnka (converted), RUSSIA Berdan. ------------------------------------------------- SPAIN Remington. ------------------------------------------------- Snider (converted), TURKEY Peabody-Martini. ------------------------------------------------- Remington, UNITED STATES Hotchkiss (Magazine), Springfield (Marine Corps). The United States Navy is the only one in which the magazine rifle has been introduced. The Springfield, used in this country by its Marine Corps, is a converted rifle. The Beaumont rifle, used in Holland, the Peabody-Martini and Snider, used in England, and the Berdan, used in Russia, are all modifications of original American types. CONVERTED BREECH-LOADERS. _Snider. Tabatière._ [Illustration: Snider.] [Illustration: Tabatière.] These two systems of conversion are almost identical, differing only in one or two of the minor points. The breech-block is hinged to open transversely, the lug of the hinge being somewhat shorter than the axle, the intermediate space being filled by a spiral spring which holds the block forward. By drawing back the block against the spring after opening, the extractor which is attached to the forward part withdraws the empty cartridge-case. There is no lock on the block, the pressure of the hammer on the firing-pin holding it down. _Krnka._ [Illustration: Krnka.] [Illustration: Breech-Block.] This system is a Russian invention, and is exceedingly simple and compact. The breech-block revolves transversely, and the movement of opening causes the extractor, which is a simple lever, to throw the cartridge-case out of the chamber. Two lugs rise in rear of the breech-block, leaving a cavity between them for the insertion and ejection of cartridges. The breech-block when closed is held down by the hammer on the firing-pin. _Springfield._ [Illustration: Springfield.]