As the result of a statement by the editor of _The New York Sun_, “The _Sun_ shines for all white men and not for colored men,” in January, 1847, _The Ram’s Horn_ was begun. Its editor was Willis Hodges, who according to _The Afro-American Press and Its Editor_[2], furnished the money necessary to publish the first issue by whitewashing in New York City for two months. Within a short period of time the circulation of the paper reached two thousand five hundred copies. The subscription price was $1.50 to subscribers within the state, and $1 a year to those outside the state. Its motto was—“We are men, and therefore interested in whatever concerns men.” The publication was a five column folio, printed on both sides. It suspended publication in June 1848. [1] March 21, 1828, the name was changed to _Rights of All_. [2] Published by I. Garland Penn in 1891. CHAPTER II THE ABOLITIONIST PRESS (1847-1865) [Sidenote: DOUGLASS FOUNDS NORTH STAR] With the founding of the _North Star_, at Rochester. N. Y., November 1, 1847, a new era in Negro Journalism was begun. The new paper was conducted on a much higher plane than any of the preceding publications. The editor of the _North Star_ was Frederick Douglass, a man who stood head and shoulders above his colleagues. In fact, Douglass is in Negro Journalism what Bennett, or Pulitzer, or Greeley, or Dana is in American Journalism. The personal fame of the man gave his paper at once a place among the first journals of the country. The columns of the _North Star_ were filled with contributions from correspondents in Europe and the West Indies, as well as from all parts of the United States. It was the first Negro newspaper to have any considerable circulation among the American people outside of its own race group. [Sidenote: LIFE OF FRED DOUGLASS] The life of the founder of this paper is a most interesting one. Born a slave at Tuckahoe, Md., February, 1817, he escaped from his master in 1833, going first to New York City, and then to New Bedford, Mass. In 1841, he was sent out as a lecturer under the auspices of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. He was one of the most prominent anti-slavery agitators of his day; a series of lectures on the immorality of human slavery was given by him in England. Douglass’ power as a writer was great, and his ready and vigorous use of the English language was always effective. The paper was discontinued shortly after the abolition of slavery. [Sidenote: THE IMPARTIAL CITIZEN] Around the brilliancy of the _North Star_ moved several satellites, which somewhat reflected the light of the major planet. Among these was _The Impartial Citizen_, published at Syracuse, N. Y., in 1848, by Samuel Ward. It is said that the paper was conducted on a high plane and was ably edited. [Sidenote: COLORED MAN’S JOURNAL RUNS TEN YEARS]