Produced by Alison Hadwin, Suzanne Shell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Transcriber's Note: All spellings and hyphenations have been left as in the original, with one exception: Footnote 119, where 'durng' was changed to 'during'.] NEGRO MIGRATION DURING THE WAR EMMETT J. SCOTT FOREWORD In the preparation of this study I have had the encouragement and support of Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, Alabama, who generously placed at my disposal the facilities of the Institute's Division of Records and Research, directed by Mr. Monroe N. Work, the editor of the _Negro Year Book_. Mr. Work has cooperated with me in the most thoroughgoing manner. I have also had the support of the National League on Urban Conditions and particularly of the Chicago branch of which Dr. Robert E. Park is President and of which Mr. T. Arnold Hill is Secretary. Mr. Hill placed at my disposal his first assistant, Mr. Charles S. Johnson, graduate student of the University of Chicago, to whom I am greatly indebted. I must also make acknowledgment of my indebtedness to Dr. Carter G. Woodson, Director of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Incorporated, Washington, D.C., for placing at my disposal the facilities of his organization. The work of investigation was divided up by assigning Mr. Work to Alabama, Georgia and Florida; Mr. Johnson to Mississippi and to centers in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana, while the eastern centers were assigned to Mr. T. Thomas Fortune, Trenton, New Jersey, a former editor of the _New York Age_, and a publicist and investigator of well known ability. It is upon the reports submitted by these investigators that this study rests. I can not speak too warmly of the enthusiastic and painstaking care with which these men have labored to secure the essential facts with regard to the migration of the negro people from the South. Emmett J. Scott. Washington, D.C., _June 5, 1919._ CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction 3 II Causes of the Migration 13 III Stimulation of the Movement 26 IV The Spread of the Movement 38 V The Call of the Self-Sufficient North 49 VI The Draining of the Black Belt 59 VII Efforts to Check the Movement 72 VIII Effects of the Movement on the South 86 IX The Situation in St. Louis 95 X Chicago and Its Environs 102 XI The Situation at Points in the Middle West 119 XII The Situation at Points in the East 134 XIII Remedies for Relief by National Organizations 143 XIV Public Opinion Regarding the Migration 152 Bibliography 175