Negro Migration during the WarScott, Emmett J. (Emmett Jay)
History
Negro Migration during the War
Scott, Emmett J. (Emmett Jay)
African Americans; Migration, Internal -- United States; World War, 1914-1918 -- Economic aspects -- United States
The towns quite naturally were the first to feel the effect. There,
the pass rider--the labor agent--could move about more freely. People
lived in closer contact and news circulated more rapidly; the papers
came in regularly and the negroes themselves could see those leaving.
On market days when the country folk reached town they got their first
impulse from the commotion. Young country boys failed to return to
quiet isolation, and sturdy sensible farmers whose whole lives had
been spent on the farm, could not resist the temptation. As they
returned they informed their neighbors, saying: "They are leaving town
by the thousands," or "Man, colored folks are leaving in droves for
the North." There are cases of men who left their fields half
plowed and journeyed to the city and thence to the North. In other
communities, the beginning would be a timid dribble to the larger
cities or directly to the North.[47]
The state of mind of the community under the influence of the first
effects of the "fever" is illustrated in authenticated accounts of
persons who witnessed the exodus from different cities:
The most interesting thing is how these people left. They were
selling out everything they had or in a manner giving it away;
selling their homes, mules, horses, cows, and everything about
them but their trunks. All around in the country, people who
were so old they could not very well get about were leaving.
Some left with six to eight very small children and babies
half clothed, no shoes on their feet, hungry, not anything to
eat and not even a cent over their train fare. Some would go
to the station and wait there three or four days for an agent
who was carrying them on passes. Others of this city would
go in clubs of fifty and a hundred at a time in order to get
reduced rates. They usually left on Wednesday and Saturday
nights. One Wednesday night I went to the station to see
a friend of mine who was leaving. I could not get in the
station, there were so many people turning like bees in a
hive. Officers would go up and down the tracks trying to keep
the people back. One old lady and man had gotten on the train.
They were patting their feet and singing and a man standing
nearby asked, "Uncle, where are you going?" The old man
replied, "Well, son, I'm gwine to the promised land."[48]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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