Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
Most variation in coloration does not seem to be correlated with
geography. The lips are strongly barred in specimens from throughout the
range of the species, except that in some specimens from southern
Nicaragua and Costa Rica the lips are pale and in some specimens the
vertical bars are indistinct. Six specimens from 7.3 kilometers
southwest of Matatan, Sinaloa, are distinctively marked. The dorsum is
uniformly grayish green with the only dorsal marks being on the tarsi;
canthal and post-tympanic dark marks absent. A broad white labial stripe
is present and interrupted by a single vertical dark mark below the eye.
A white stripe is present on the outer edge of the foot. The flanks and
posterior surfaces of the thighs are creamy white, boldly marked with
black. Two specimens from Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (CNHM 21006 from
Coban and UMMZ 90908 from Finca Canihor), are distinctive in having many
narrow transverse bands on the limbs and fine reticulations on the
flanks. Two specimens from Limon Province, Costa Rica (KU 34927 from
Batan and 36789 from Suretka), lack a dorsal pattern; instead these
specimens are nearly uniform brown above and have only a few small dark
brown spots on the back and lack transverse bands on the limbs. The
post-tympanic dark marks and dark mottling on the flanks are absent.
Specimens lacking the usual dorsal markings are known from scattered
localities on the Caribbean lowlands from Guatemala to Costa Rica.
The coloration in life is highly variable; much of the apparent
variation is due to metachrosis, for individuals of _Smilisca baudini_
are capable of undergoing drastic and rapid change in coloration. When
active at night the frogs usually are pale bright green with olive-green
markings, olive-green with brown markings, or pale brown with dark brown
markings. The dark markings on the back and dorsal surfaces of the limbs
are narrowly outlined by black. The pale area below the eye and just
posterior to the broad suborbital dark bar is creamy white, pale green,
or ashy gray in life. The presence of this mark is an excellent
character by which to identify juveniles of the species. The flanks are
creamy yellow, or yellow with brown or black mottling. In most
individuals the belly is white, but in specimens from southern El Peten
and northern Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, the belly is yellow, especially
posteriorly. The iris varies from golden bronze to dull bronze with
black reticulations, somewhat darker ventrally.
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