Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca — John Shaqi
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
Apparently the eggs are deposited as loose clumps in the water. In eggs
in the yolk plug stage of development, the diameter of the embryo is
about 2.3 mm.; that of the outer envelope is 4.0 mm. Hatchling tadpoles
have total lengths of 5.8 to 6.5 mm. and body lengths of 2.8 to 3.1 mm.
The external gills are moderately long, slender, and filamentous; the
yolk sac is still moderately large. The body and anterior part of the
caudal musculature are dark brown; posteriorly the caudal musculature is
pale brown. The caudal fins are creamy tan. The oral discs are large and
ovoid. The growth of the tadpole is summarized in Table 10.
A typical tadpole in stage 30 of development (KU 87652 from 11 km. N
Vista Hermosa, Oaxaca, Mexico) can be described as follows:
Body length 9.5 mm.; tail length 15.5 mm.; total length 25.0 mm.; body
slightly wider than deep; snout rounded laterally, broadly ovoid
dorsally; eyes widely separated, directed dorsolaterally; nostril about
midway between eye and tip of snout; mouth anteroventral; spiracle
sinistral, slightly posterior to midpoint of body and slightly below
midline; anal tube dextral; caudal musculature slender, barely curved
upward distally; dorsal fin not extending onto body, depth of dorsal fin
slightly more than that of ventral fin on mid-length of tail; dorsal
part of body dark brown; ventral surfaces transparent, lacking pigment;
posterior edge of body pale cream-color; caudal musculature creamy white
with interconnected brown spots; caudal fins transparent with small
brown blotches on dorsal fin and posterior half of ventral fin; iris
coppery bronze in life (Fig. 12). Mouth small, median part of upper lip
bare; rest of mouth bordered by single row of bluntly rounded papillae;
lateral fold present; tooth rows 2/3; all tooth-rows approximately equal
in length; second upper row broadly interrupted medially; other rows
complete; upper beak moderately deep, forming broad arch with slender
lateral processes; lower beak slender, broadly V-shaped; both beaks
finely serrate (Fig. 15C).
All tadpoles having fully developed mouth parts have 2/3 tooth rows.
Little variation is noticeable in coloration. In many specimens the
posterior edge of the body is dark brown instead of pale cream-color.
Mottling is rather dense on the caudal fins in all specimens; in some
individuals pigment is concentrated along the anterior one-third of the
lateral groove. In life the body is dark brown with greenish gold flecks
ventrally; the caudal musculature is gray.
In each of two recently metamorphosed young the snout-vent length is
14.0 mm. Coloration of young in life (KU 87653 from 11 km. N Vista
Hermosa, Oaxaca, Mexico): "Dorsum pale tan with dark brown markings.
Thighs orange-yellow; labial stripe white; iris bronze" (Duellman, field
notes, July 10, 1964.)
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