Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
_Egg deposition._--Oviposition has been observed only in _Smilisca
baudini_. On the night of June 28, 1961, at Chinaja, Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala, a clasping pair was observed at the edge of a shallow rain
pool. After sitting for several minutes in shallow water, the female
(with male on her back) swam part way across the pool and grasped an
emergent stick with one hand. The female's body was nearly level with
the surface of the water, and her hind legs were outstretched as
deposition commenced; eggs were extruded rapidly. After a few seconds
the female moved slowly to another twig a few centimeters away and
deposited more eggs. This process was repeated until the female was
spent. The spawn resulted in a surface film covering roughly one square
meter. It is doubtful if this type of egg deposition occurs in any other
species in the genus, especially those that lay their eggs in streams.
_Breeding Call_
The breeding calls of the six species of _Smilisca_ are alike in their
explosive nature. Calls are emitted quickly with a short burst of air
filling the vocal sac, which immediately deflates. Phonetically the
calls can be described as a single "wonk" or series of such notes in _S.
baudini_ and _S. cyanosticta_, a low growl in _S. phaeota_, a relatively
high pitched rattle in _S. sordida_, and a low squawk usually followed
by one or more rattling secondary notes in _S. puma_ and _S. sila_.
Quantitatively, the calls of the six species differ in number of notes,
duration of notes, and in pitch (Table 8, Pls. 10 and 11). Although no
measurements were taken on the intensity of the calls, we observed in
the field that each of the species has a loud voice. The call of _S.
baudini_ seems to carry farther than any of the others.
Table 8.--Comparison of Breeding Calls in Smilisca. (Observed Range
Given in Parentheses Below Mean. In Species Having Primary and
Secondary Notes, Only the Primary Notes Are Analyzed Here.)
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