The psychiatric =diagnosis= in this case would off-hand undoubtedly be dementia praecox. Yet the stiff pupils are almost proof positive of neurosyphilis. If further proof were necessary, it is found in the laboratory tests, which showed a positive W. R. of the serum and fluid, with a “paretic” gold sol reaction; there were 22 cells per cmm., there was excess albumin, and a positive globulin reaction. Under intensive antisyphilitic treatment, there was a slow improvement. After several months, the patient was entirely free from mental symptoms; the spinal fluid tests became entirely negative except that the gold sol reaction has remained strongly positive. 1. Should treatment be continued in the case of Annie Martin in spite of the clinical recovery and the negative tests except the gold sol? We would again emphasize that it is unreasonable to suppose that a long-standing case of syphilis can be cured in a period of a few months of treatment and while the tests may become negative, it would seem foolhardy to stop treatment on this account. We do know that in many cases a Wassermann reaction remaining negative for many months may again become positive, indicating that the negative reaction did not mean cure but rather the absence of the Wassermann bodies in the circulation at the time the test was made. 2. What is the significance of the paretic gold sol reaction when the other tests have become negative? As previously stated, the gold reducing substance in the spinal fluid seems to be different from the substances which give the other pathological reactions. We should feel in this case that the process which was producing these gold reducing bodies had not been stopped, in other words, cure was not complete. 3. Should one make a diagnosis on the “paretic” gold sol reaction alone? The so-called paretic gold sol curve is not always indicative of general paresis or even of syphilis but may occur in non-syphilitic conditions as brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, etc. In our experience we have seen no case of _untreated_ neurosyphilis in which the gold sol alone was positive, that is, in cases in which therapy has not changed the findings in the spinal fluid. In our experience the gold sol reaction has been fortified by one or several of the other tests as the W. R., globulin test, pleocytosis. =Some effects of systematic intravenous salvarsan therapy in PARETIC NEUROSYPHILIS (“general paresis”) are limited to the laboratory findings without clinical improvement.= Two examples of such limitation are offered: William Roberts (118) and John Silver (119).