=Head:= Calvarium of moderate thickness; diploë present; dura slightly adherent over bregmatic region. Longitudinal sinus contains cruor clot. Dura is somewhat thickened and slightly more opaque than normal. Pacchionian granulations, small but fairly numerous. Pia contains throughout a considerable excess of clear serous fluid. The convolutions in general are of good breadth and proportion. There is an atrophic area roughly circular in outline and about 2 cm. in diameter in the posterior part of the right third frontal convolution corresponding to Broca’s area on the opposite hemisphere. The space thus formed is filled with edema held by the pia. On the left side is a similar subpial collection which covers the site of the posterior portions of all of the third frontal convolutions, parts of the lower end of the precentral convolution, and the whole of the first temporal convolution, which have disappeared entirely. The basal vessels show slight changes. Cerebellum and basal ganglia are grossly normal. The spinal membranes are negative. The regions of the pyramidal tracts in the cord are firm, project slightly from surface of section, and are china white. =Summary:= Here is a picture made up almost purely of VASCULAR NEUROSYPHILIS, with SECONDARY SPINAL (PYRAMIDAL TRACT) CHANGES. Doubtless the genesis of this picture is allied to that of Case 1 (Alice Morton) and to that of the terminal vascular complications in a tabetic, Case 2 (Francis Garfield). The absence of meningeal and parenchymatous (i.e., outside the region of necrosis produced by the vascular disease) lesions is characteristic of an important group of neurosyphilitic diseases. It is clear that the case, although one of _extensive_ lesions, is _not_ one of _diffuse_ lesions in the sense of Case 1 (Alice Morton). The spinal fluid picture in life may nevertheless show (as other cases amply demonstrate) a certain amount of lymphocytosis and possibly plasmocytosis, together with a variety of other changes. Treatment might be expected to keep down these associated changes, although obviously the effects of the necrosis are final and definite. Franz in Washington has succeeded in “reeducating” some of these hemiplegics, employing lower mechanisms of the nervous system. [Illustration: Vascular neurosyphilis—effects of syphilitic thrombosis of Sylvian artery 10 years before death. (Case 4.) ] [Illustration: =Case 4.= (See previous figure for brain lesion.) Three levels of the spinal cord showing unilateral pyramidal tract sclerosis, 10 years after cerebral thrombosis. ] =JUVENILE PARETIC NEUROSYPHILIS (“juvenile paresis”). Autopsy.=