The cerebellum of this case was perhaps the most markedly diseased of all portions of the nervous system. As noted, the cerebellar tissue was exceedingly firm. How far the notable incoördination of the case (he was observed on staff rounds characteristically curled up in a heap, showing quite an unusual degree of general incoördination) was due to the cerebellar lesions, it is perhaps not possible to say. =Summary=: John Lawrence, JUVENILE PARETIC NEUROSYPHILIS, is a foil to Case 3 (James Dixon), paretic neurosyphilis due to acquired syphilis. Both showed =Cerebral Atrophy=, but Lawrence the more markedly because of hypoplasia incidental to the congenital origin of his condition. Whereas Dixon gave little or no sign of =stigmata=, Lawrence (besides being under-sized, having suspicious teeth, and showing at autopsy a persistent thymus) showed a =Hydromyelia= and curious trefoil shape to the spinal cord. Dixon on the other hand had liver lesions and arterial lesions of the leg. The suggestion of =Tuberous Sclerosis= in Lawrence is not found in Dixon; but we have not found it elsewhere. Bourneville did not describe tuberous sclerosis as syphilitic. Binucleate Purkinje cells emphasize the congenital source of the lesions in Lawrence. =Plasmocytosis and Lymphocytosis=, =Perivascular=, and (less marked) =Meningeal=, are found in both the congenital and the acquired cases, as also parenchymatous changes, both =nerve cell losses= and =gliosis=. Both also show granular =ependymitis=. It is clear that, over and above the factors of destruction evident in both Lawrence and Dixon, the congenital case, Lawrence exhibits also the effects of arrest (in brief not merely atrophy but also hypoplasia). Early treatment is, therefore, theoretically indicated in the juvenile group, which means early diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are still more to be recommended because these juvenile cases progress often very slowly at first. =FOCAL BASILAR MENINGEAL NEUROSYPHILIS (“syphilitic extraocular palsy,” plus other symptoms). Autopsy.= =Case 6.= Flora Black, a housewife of 43 years, had been tired out for a year but had been apparently in fair health. She awoke one day with double vision due to a left internal strabismus. The visual difficulty gradually passed away so that five months after the sudden seizure she was apparently quite well again. There was one exception: about three or four months after the attack of diplopia, Mrs. Black had begun to feel a kind of weakness in various parts of the face and there were also fairly definite paresthesiæ. In the sixth month after the initial attack, the patient began to be unable to chew and was fain to support the lower jaw with a bandage to aid in mastication. Deglutition was, however, quite unaffected and there was never any regurgitation of food. There were pains in the face, the forehead and the back of the neck.