Four kinds of roofing materials have been excavated: Plain, flat, earthenware tiles; curved earthenware pantiles; slate; and wooden shingles. The plain tiles were made in Jamestown brick kilns, and it is possible that some of the S-curved red pantiles were also made locally. Slate was brought over from England, whereas most of the shingles were rived from native cedar and oak logs. Other materials used in roofing included bark, marshgrass and reeds (thatch), and boards. Sod appears to have been used on some of the very early houses. LIME Lime for mortar, plaster, and ornamental plaster was made in crude lime kilns at Jamestown from calcined oyster shells. The oyster shells came from the James River. [Illustration: A WROUGHT-IRON WINDOW CASEMENT UNEARTHED NEAR AN EARLY 17TH-CENTURY BUILDING SITE.] [Illustration: WALL OR FIREPLACE TILES FOUND AT JAMESTOWN WHICH WERE MADE IN HOLLAND. THE BLUE DESIGNS AND PICTURES WERE PAINTED ON A WHITE BACKGROUND.] [Illustration: KINDS OF ROOFING MATERIALS EXCAVATED INCLUDE FLAT TILES (SHOWN HERE), CURVED PANTILES, SLATE, AND SHINGLES.] [Illustration: ORNAMENTAL PLASTER WAS USED IN A FEW BUILDINGS FOR ENHANCING THE BEAUTY OF BOTH THE INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR.] [Illustration: THE INTERIOR OF A SMALL JAMESTOWN HOUSE, ABOUT 1650. ALTHOUGH THE PAINTING IS CONJECTURAL, MANY ITEMS SHOWN--POTTERY, GLASSWARE, FIREPLACE TOOLS, AND KITCHEN ACCESSORIES--WERE UNEARTHED ON THIS HISTORIC ISLAND. (Painting by Sidney E. King.)] PLASTER AND MORTAR Plaster and mortar have been found at Jamestown in abundance. It appears that the majority of brick houses and many frame structures had plastered walls and ceilings after 1635. Some plaster found had been whitewashed, while other plaster bore its natural whitish-gray color. Mortar was found wherever brick foundations were located. The plaster and mortar used at Jamestown was made from oystershell lime, sand, and clay. ORNAMENTAL PLASTERWORK Ornamental plaster was found in a few of the excavations. The plasterwork was done in raised ornamental designs used for enhancing the beauty of both the interior and exterior of a building. Designs that have been found include Roman numerals, letters, mottos, crests, veined leaves, rosettes, flowers, geometric designs, a lion, and a face or mask. Many fragments of molded plaster cornices have also been excavated. Broken oyster shells are distinguishable in the decorated plasterwork, indicating that the pargeting was done at Jamestown. House Furnishings