The parents complained that the small children could not go so far,
that there were no play facilities, that the location was secluded, so
that it was dangerous for girls, that the term was too short, and that
the attendance of the children seems unimportant to the school
authorities. As the community was almost altogether Italian, the
parents would have preferred a woman teacher for the girls over ten or
twelve years of age. A more intelligent and a more incisive indictment
of an educational situation than this criticism expressed by the
Italian families in this remote mining community could hardly have
been drawn.
It is inevitable that similar dark spots should continue, so long as
no central agency is responsible for the maintenance of a minimum
opportunity everywhere. Of course it is not to be expected that those
jurisdictions that so neglect the children will care for the adult.
Many states have the central agency that could take over the work. And
there exist Federal agencies able with enlarged resources to adapt
their work to meet many of these needs. The United States Children's
Bureau has published bulletins in simple form containing such
information as every woman should have concerning the care of mothers
and young children. Only the lack of resources has kept that bureau
from undertaking to bring these facts to the knowledge of all mothers,
including the foreign born.[60]
HOME ECONOMICS WORK
In the so-called States Relations Service of the Department of
Agriculture, established under the Smith-Lever Act,[61] and in the
Federal Board for Vocational Education, there are agencies which, if
developed, can establish national standards in these fields and do
work of national scope. These acts constitute, in fact, so important a
step in the direction of nationalization of these problems that items
in the statutes creating them may be of interest here.
The first of these Acts provides for co-operative effort on the part
of the United States Department of Agriculture and the state
agricultural colleges. There is an agency provided to "diffuse among
the people of the United States useful and practical information on
subjects relating to agriculture and home economics, and to encourage
the application of the same." This Act refers especially to the needs
of the rural population, and the work done under it consists of
instruction and practical demonstration in agriculture and home
economics to persons not attending or resident in the agricultural
colleges.
The methods should be such as are agreed on by the Secretary of
Agriculture and the officials of the state colleges benefiting under
the earlier Act of 1862.[62] To carry out this co-operative effort, an
appropriation was provided, beginning at $480,000--$10,000 for each
state--and increasing first by $60,000 and then by $500,000 annually,
until after seven years a total of $4,500,000 was reached, the
increase to be distributed among the states in proportion to their
rural population.
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