A Slovak Mother, Newly Arrived " 150 Immigrant Children Acquiring Individual Initiative in a Montessori Class at Hull House " 160 Who Will Welcome Them? " 192 Lithuanian Mothers Have Come to a Settlement Class " 238 A Case-work Agency Found Four Girls and Eighteen Men Boarding with This Polish Family in Four Rooms " 288 INTRODUCTION The following study is the result of effort on the part of several persons. Miss Helen R. Wright, formerly research assistant of the Chicago School of Civics and member of the staff of the Massachusetts Immigration Commission of 1914, had much to do with the planning of the inquiry, the framing of such schedules as were used, and the organization of certain portions of the information gathered. Through Miss Laura Hood, long time a resident of the Chicago Commons, it proved to be possible to obtain many intimate views with reference to the more subtle questions of family adjustment in the groups that are of special interest in such an inquiry as this. Certain questions of uniformity in method and style of presentation were determined by the editorial staff of the Study of Methods of Americanization. For the final drafting of a considerable portion of the study, especially in the earlier chapters, the members of this editorial staff are responsible, though the writer is glad to acknowledge full responsibility for all conclusions drawn or recommendations offered. SOPHONISBA P. BRECKINRIDGE. _April_ 15, 1921. NEW HOMES FOR OLD I FINDING THE NEW HOME The great westward tide of immigration has again begun to rise. Annually to the ports of entry and to the great inland centers of distribution come thousands of immigrant families, strange men and women with young children, unattached girls, and vigorous, simple lads. With few exceptions no provision by native Americans has been made for their reception in their new places of residence. Communities of kindly-intentioned persons, because of their lack of imagination and their indifference, have allowed the old, the young, the mother, and infant to come in by back ways, at any hour of day or night. Frequently they have been received only by uncomprehending or indifferent railroad officials or oversolicitous exploiters. THE FIRST ADJUSTMENTS