5. Safeguards required where the principle of state aid is supplied 47 6. Summary and conclusion 48 =The Rural School and its Pupils= 1. The spirit of the pupils as a test of the school 50 2. The negative attitude of rural pupils toward their school 51 3. Causes of this defection to be sought in the school 51 4. The problem of poor rural school attendance 52 5. The consolidated school as a cure for indifferent attitude and poor attendance 53 III. THE CURRICULUM OF THE RURAL SCHOOL =The Scope of the Rural School Curriculum= 1. The modern demand for a broader education 57 2. The meagerness of the rural school curriculum 58 3. The rural child requires full elementary and high school course 60 4. Disadvantages of sending rural child to town school 60 5. Necessary reorganization in rural school offering broadened curriculum 62 6. General nature of the new curriculum 62 =The Rural Elementary School Curriculum= 1. Relation of the curriculum to social standards and ideals 64 2. The mother tongue 65 _a._ Necessity for its mastery 65 _b._ Learning the mechanics of the language 66 _c._ Developing the art of expression, oral and written 67 _d._ Creation of love for reading 67 _e._ Formal grammar out of place in the elementary school 68 3. Number 69 _a._ The prominent place occupied by arithmetic 69 _b._ Importance of development of the number concept 69 _c._ An undue proportion of time devoted to arithmetic 70 _d._ Desirable changes in the teaching of arithmetic 71 4. History and civics 71 _a._ The right and duty of every person to know the history and government of his country 72 _b._ History not to deal chiefly with war and politics, but to emphasize the social and industrial side 72 _c._ The library of historical books 73 _d._ Functional versus analytical civics 73 5. Geography and nature study 74 _a._ Advantage of the rural school in this field 74 _b._ The social basis of geography 75