We cannot accept the supposition of Professor A. S. Herschel that
the air is carried up to the height of from 100 to 300 miles by
electricity. We must believe, till evidence is given to the contrary,
that electricity is a carried, not a carrying, power. Conductors of
sound are all material substances; sound is not. It seems logical,
therefore, to conclude that the ether is a material substance, because
it conducts light, heat, etc. etc., which are not material substances.
Proof is therefore required that electricity is a material substance,
before it can be called a carrier. That air does somehow get up so high
there can be little doubt, as is satisfactorily proved by the burning
of meteorites when they come into our atmosphere at heights said to be
more than 300 miles. How it does mount up so high is not so wonderful
as it seems, when we take into consideration the causes of the trade
winds, which are: The upward currents of the air created by the heat of
the sun; the centrifugal force inherent in it at the time of leaving
the earth; and its angular motion, which may be, at a guess, from 10 to
16 miles per minute, seeing that the equator has an angular velocity
of over 1000 miles per hour. Then, from the time it leaves the earth,
the air must begin to lose its angular velocity, the impelling power
being cut off, and form a bank higher up, opposing the motion forward
of all the air following it, so that immediately above the tropics
there must be forward motion and obstruction, producing whirlwinds
of which we can see or know really nothing, though they must exist,
and which may carry air or vapours up to very great heights, carrying
with them densities far beyond what would correspond to the simple
attraction of the earth. At these heights this attraction would be very
much diminished, and almost the only way in which the density of the
whirlwinds could be diminished would be by expansion, which would not
be very active in bodies already very considerably attenuated, as the
whirlwinds would naturally be. Their movement towards the poles would
be the same as that of the trade winds has always been supposed to be;
and we can now see how there can be air at great heights in the aurora
regions, not carried up by electricity. In fact, the air may, or rather
must, have carried the electricity up with it, as we shall, we believe,
presently see.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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