We have not supposed that all the air, raised from the earth by the
heat of the sun, is carried up to such altitudes and to its polar
regions, but only a very small part of it; and we have to add that
there is perhaps not always electricity present in sufficient quantity
to illuminate the air when it is carried up, which would, from the
nature of its ascent, be undoubtedly divided into zones, streams, or
belts at different degrees of tenuity. We do not doubt, or rather we
believe, that electricity is always present in the atmosphere; but we
are not sure that it is always so in sufficient force to make itself
manifest. A very homely example of this is: Stroke a cat's back in
ordinary circumstances, and it will only arch it up in recognition of
the caress; but stroke it on a frosty night and it will emit sparks of
electricity. The cat's hair does not shine--perhaps fortunately for the
cat--because the electricity in it is not present in sufficient force,
and only shows itself when the hand acting like a brush collects it
into sparks. This shows not only that electricity is more abundant in
the air at one time than at another, but that it is more so in cold and
dry than in warm and moist air. It also shows one of the reasons why
auroras of great brilliancy and extent are not continually in play in
their own special regions, which is the want of a sufficient supply of
electricity; another reason being, the absence of the requisite zones,
or masses of air in cyclonic motion at different pressure and in
sufficient quantity. We understand from what we have read that the glow
of the aurora is seldom awanting in clear weather in the far north, and
can imagine that there is always a sufficient supply of electricity
and attenuated air to maintain the glow constantly; and also that the
brilliant displays are only made when there is a sufficient influx of
whirlwinds of air at low and varying pressures, and of electricity in
sufficient force to light them up. We should suppose that the bright
flashes would take place where the pressure was greatest, and the
illuminated darkness, so to speak, where it was least. Electricity does
not carry up air to these heights, neither does magnetism bring it down
from the sun; still a magnetic storm produces brilliant auroras.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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