We have supposed the work of creation to have extended over three
hundred million years to satisfy some geologists, but our arguments
would not be affected in any way by the time being reduced to the limit
given by Lord Kelvin to the heat-giving power of the sun in the past,
which he has made out to be between fifteen and twenty million years.
That would only limit our periods of evolution to two and a half or
three million years each; each of them quite long enough to be totally
inconsistent with our ideas of creation, which conceive of this as an
instantaneous act. But although Lord Kelvin has in rather strong terms
placed this limit, he at the same time says that it could by no means
exceed four hundred million years, which is one-third more than we have
calculated upon. Neither can our arguments be affected in any serious
way by our dividing the periods into fifty million years each; these
may have varied much in length, but whatever was taken from one would
have to be added to the others.
Furthermore, we may be allowed to say that fifteen to twenty millions
of years of the sun's heat at the rate it is now being expended, can be
no reliable measure of the time required for the operations of geology,
for the reason that its heat must have been emitted in proportion to
the quantity it possessed at any time. When it was created without form
and void as no doubt it was, the same as the earth, it would have no
heat to emit, but that does not mean that it possessed no heat until
it was formed into the brilliant globe that we cannot now bear to turn
our eyes upon. Even when it became hot enough to show light sufficient
to penetrate the "darkness that was upon the face of the deep," it
may still have been an almost shapeless mass, and have continued more
or less so until it was formed into the body of the fourth period,
which may even then have been very different from what it is now. Thus
geology would have not far from one hundred and fifty million years
in which a very small fractional part of the sun's emission of heat
would suffice for its operations. But we shall have more to say on this
subject when the time comes.
It being, therefore, a matter beyond all question--to people possessed
of the faculty of thinking, and of candour to confess that they
cannot help seeing what has been set plainly before their sight and
understanding--that the opening chapter of the book of Genesis plainly
teaches that making--evolution--had a very large and active part to
perform in the creation of the universe and--much more within our
grasp--of the earth; we can come to the conclusion that the theory
of evolution, instead of being new and wonderful, comes to be almost
infinitely older than the everlasting hills, without losing any of its
power of inspiring inexpressible wonder.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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