Here we notice first--and it was the reason why we have made the first
and longest part of the quotation--that the spark whose striking
distance was half an inch at the normal pressure of the atmosphere,
fell to under one-fourth of its power in a vacuum of only 1/25,000th of
that pressure; that when a one-inch spark was required to illuminate
the tube, it must have decreased to one-eighth in a vacuum of
1/50,000th; and, if it be admissible to follow the same proportion,
the 6-inch spark must have been exhibited in a vacuum of 1/250,000th
an atmosphere at least. Perhaps all this experiment was carried on
in _vacua_ produced by pumping alone, and the final vacuum may have
reached a greater height than that which we have just mentioned; but
the most interesting part of it is the perforation of the bulb by the
6-inch spark. In it we have to consider what was the conveyer which
carried the electric spark through the glass of the bulb, instead of
to the other terminal of the coil so close at hand, and it is a very
difficult problem to solve. We naturally recur for some solution to the
stratification of light given out when an electric current traverses
a gas at very low pressure and gives rise to zones alternately light
and dark as noted in the reference we made, at page 229, to Professor
Balfour Stewart's experiments. We cannot think it unreasonable to
suppose that the dark zones contained no matter at all that could be
lighted up, and that it was the lighted zones alone which contained
carrying matter for the electricity. If so, we can easily imagine
one of these zones or strata carrying the perforating spark from the
induction terminal to the nearest part of the glass of the bulb, for it
was as possible for it to lie in that direction as in the direction of
the other terminal, and the difference of distance between the first
terminal and the glass, and between the two terminals, would not be
so great as it appears to be on simply reading the accounts of the
experiments; but we have still to think of how it managed to force
itself through the glass of the bulb.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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