Coming now to the Jovian nebula, whose diameter we have made to be
1,370,000,000 miles, we have seen, at page 115, that--had it been a
perfect sphere--by the time it had contracted one thousand miles in
diameter, it must have had a flat side of more than 1,400,000 miles in
length? then if we add to that length all that the nebula had inherited
from Neptune, Uranus, and Saturn, the cylindrical part of it must
have been many millions of miles in length, and the polar very much
greater than the equatorial diameter of the nebula. In other words
we have to deal with a body having the form of a very long cylinder
terminating in spherical caps. To this we have to add that the density
of the Jovian was more than 111 times greater than that of the original
nebula. Still farther we have to take into account that the whole of
the matter abandoned by that nebula must have been thrown off in less
than one-half of the space in which the ring for even Saturn had been
abandoned, the breadth of the two rings, as shown by us, see Table
III., having been 650,600,000, and 313,400,000 miles respectively. All
these things considered, it is clear that the thickness of the ring for
Jupiter's system must have been very much greater than what we have
given it in the table; which, coupled with its matter being over six
times more dense than that of the preceding ring, is sufficient to
account for the rise in density, the immense size, and mass of Jupiter.
Next, we have the means of accounting for the fact that, the space
occupied by the Asteroids is, and has always been, the least dense
of any portion of space occupied by the solar system. It is easy to
understand that the enormous mass of matter abandoned by the nebula for
the formation of the Jovian ring--more especially towards the end of
the process--would have a very appreciable effect, by its attractive
power, in helping centrifugal force in freeing matter from the power of
gravitation; the consequence of which would be, that the matter thrown
off for the formation of the Asteroidal ring would be considerably less
dense than it would otherwise have been. In this way, then, we have the
decrease of density, as well as the quantity of matter, in that space
very plausibly accounted for.
Then, as the nebula continued to contract, the attractive power of
Jupiter's ring would decrease proportionally to the square of the
distance of the receding mass, ceasing in doing so to lend so great
assistance to centrifugal force in the nebula, and so letting it
subside into its normal state; so that the matter abandoned would
increase in density in comparison to the space over which it was
distributed, thus accounting for the rise in density towards Mars and
the Earth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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