populous north as the prolific hive of the American races. In this quarter were placed their Aztlan, and their Huehuetapallan, the bright abode of their ancestors, whose warlike exploits rivalled those which the Teutonic nations have recorded of Odin and the mythic heroes of Scandanavia. From this quarter the Toltecs, the Chichemecs, and the kindred races of the Nahuatlacs, came successively up the great plateau of the Andes, spreading over its hills and valleys, down to the Gulf of Mexico." (_Conquest of Mexico_, vol. II, pp. 397, 398, Burt & Co., N. Y.) Also Nadaillac speaking of the invaders of the valley of Mexico says: "All these men, whether Toltecs, Chichimecs, or Aztecs, believed that their people came from the north, and migrated southward, seeking more fertile lands, more genial climates, or perhaps driven before a more warlike race; one wave of emigration succeeding another. We must, according to this tradition, seek in more northern regions the cradle of the Nahuatl race." (_Pre-Historic America_, p. 13.) Baldwin, quoting Brasseus de Bourbourg and Sahagun allows a northeast migration for the Toltecs (_Ancient America_, pp. 200, 202), but insists that the Aztecs who succeeded these races in the occupation of the valley of Mexico came from the south (pp. 217, 218). This view of the southern origin for the Aztecs is also maintained at some length and by an extensive citation of authorities by Bancroft. (_Native Races_, vol. V, ch. 3.) 10. _Intellectual Development of Europe_, vol. II. pp. 166-167. 11. _Pre-Historic America_, p. 386. 12. _Conquest of Mexico_, vol. I, pp. 57, 58. 13. _Native Races_, vol. II, pp. 804, 805. 14. _Ancient America_, (Baldwin) p. 215. 15. _Conquest of Mexico_, (Prescott) vol. I, p. 39. 16. _Conquest of Mexico_, (Prescott) vol. I, p. 354. 17. Peru, _Incidents of Travel and Exploration of the Land of the Incas_, E. George Squier, M. A. F. S. A. 18. _Peruvian Antiquities_, by Rivero and Tschudi; the former director of the National Museum at Lima, the latter a doctor of philosophy and medicine. 19. "Under the broad range allowed by a descent from the sons of Noah," says Mr. John L. Stephens, to whom we are indebted for most excellent works on American antiquities, "the Jews, the Canaanites, the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Greeks, the Scythians in ancient times; the Chinese, the Swedes, the Norwegians, the Welsh, and the Spaniards in modern times, have had ascribed to them the honor of peopling America." _Central America_, vol. I, pp. 96, 97. 20. There are eight or ten such collections. Their contents for the most part, are published in Lord Kingsborough's monumental work. A list of them and a description will also be found in Bancroft's _Native Races_, vol. II, ch. 17. 21. See chapter 1, p. 33. 22. It was the French linguist and archaeologist, Jean Francois Champollion, who discovered from the Rosetta Stone the key to the Egyptian hieroglyphics. 23. Born 1486, died 1549.